Magnetron: maitiro ekushanda uye chigadzirwa

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakanyanya uye rwakakwirira, shandisa magnetrons. Magetsi uye magnetic minda inoshanda nesimba guru. Somugumisiro, kukwirira kwepamusoro kunowanzoitika. Shanduro inowanzoshandiswa yechirongwa iyi ndeye-multi-cavity one. Mune magnetron yakadaro, magetsi anoshandiswa nematongo matatu chete:

• Electric;
• Magnetic;
• Microwave.

Magnetron: chii uye kuti yakaonekwa sei

Kwenguva yokutanga izwi iri rakashandiswa muna 1921 neAmerican physicist A. Hall. Kutsvakurudza kwake uye kuedza kwakapfuurira mberi, izvo zvakaita kuti kuonekwa kwemarudzi akawanda emagnetrons, ayo akashandiswa mumavhidhiyo emagetsi. Ipa patent yekugadzirwa uku kwakapiwa kuna A. Jacquet muna 1924. Ndiye iye akasika magnetron yemazuva ano, iyo kushanda kwepamutemo kunobva pakubatana kwemasimi maviri.

Mumakore gumi anotevera, kukurudzirwa kwemagnetrons kwechizvarwa chema microwave mafungu akaitwa. Basa guru raiva rekuwedzera kuwedzerwa kwezvinyorwa, izvo chete masayendisiti eSoviet akakwanisa kuita. Vakawedzera kukosha kwepakutanga kaviri, vachishandisa mhangura seyodhiyo.

Device

Mwoyo wemagnetron ndiyo bhokisi re anode, rakagadzirwa nemhangura yendarira, ine mukati mukati. Mukatikati mavo kune mitsetse, iyo iine ring ring system ye-tatu-dimensional resonators. Pakati peanode pane gomba, ndiko kuburikidza naro kuti simba rinobatanidzwa. Uyewo, anode inobatanidza ne cathode kubva kwayo. Iyo inofungidzirwa, inopisa uye inotenderera kuburikidza nepakati rose we anode. Kuti ivimbise kubuda kwe-high-frequency oscillations, izvi zvinogadzirirwa mune rimwe remasonator. Muchikamu che anode chivharo chinyoro. Nekukonzera kwayo, ribbed radiators yakaiswa pamusoro.

Isa nzvimbo iyi kuitira kuti ive pakati pemagetsi, ichigadzira magnetic field ye simba rakakwana. Mhepo iri pakati pe anode uye cathode inogadziriswa, kuitira kuti pfupa rakanyatsogadziriswa iri pane anode. Masikironi kubva pamakato anotanga kutama nekuda kwechiito chemagetsi. Vanofanira kutamira kune anode, uye magnetron, ane maitiro ekushanda ari mune magnetic field, anodzorera iyo nenzira yekufananidzira kune cathode.

Kuti uwane zvinobudirira, apo magetsi anofamba nechepakati penhero dzakatenderera uye ari pedo neAnode, asi kudzoka, zvinogona, kana mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akazosangana mune dzimwe mbiri dzakabatana. Mune hurumende iyi, chikamu chiduku chese electrons chinobva mumakati akagara pane anode.

Kudzokera kune cathode, mamwe ema electrons anotsiviwa. Izvi zvinopfuurira, vachigadzira mutero pedyo neAnode mufananidzo wechindori. Mutero wakadaro unotanga kuumba pedyo ne-resonator imwe neimwe, isina kusimbiswa-high-frequency oscillations inooneka. Mhedzisiro yakadaro inogona kutenderera faira, ichiisa kune imwe yevashoni. Izvi zvinoshandiswa zvino zvinoparidzirwa kune mutsara (kana coaxial line).

Magnetron inogona kunzi microwave instrument, iyo generator, vacuum, kufamba kwe electrons mairi kunowanikwa muminda mbiri: magetsi uye magnetic. Iko magnetron inogadzira chirevo chechiito chezvikamu zviviri, izvo zvinoumba chechitatu - microwave.

Kushanda

Inogona kushandiswa mumavhidhiyo engineering. Somuenzaniso, paunenge uine mapepa emaradar. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, magnetron haafaniri kunge yakagadzirisa runyanga irradiator, asiwo yemufananidzo wekufananidzira. Nekubatsira kwe-high-intensity pulse control, pfupi pfupi ye microwave radiation inosikwa. Chikamu chemasimba, chinoratidzika, chinodzokera kumashure ekutsvaga uye antenna, iyo inotungamira iyo kumutevedzeri. Mushure mokugadziriswa, data yacho inowanikwa pamapupa erara.

Kushanda muupenyu hwezuva nezuva

Muvheni, iyo kushandiswa kwayo kunobva kuma microwaves, mutemo wekushanda wakasiyana zvakasiyana. Iyo magnetron yevheni ye microwave ine gomba rakajeka pamagumo emagetsi emakwikwi eredhiyo anoumbwa munzvimbo yekubika. Saka, zvinokosha kuisa huni yakadaro chete nekuvapo kwezvokudya mairi. Pasina mamiriro ezvinhu aya, mafungu amire achaita kuti arcing, sezvo magnetic mazaya asina kunyanya kudyiwa, asi akadzorerwa zvakare. Kana ikaramba kwenguva yakareba, magnetron achangobva kuputsa. Nhanho iyo zvokudya inogadzirirwa mukovheni inonzi microwave inotarisana zvakasimba pamasimba magnetron.

Zvizhinji mavheni ewa microwave ane simba re 700 kusvika ku 850 watts. Izvi zvakakosha kubika kirasi yemvura mumaminitsi maviri chete. Magnetron for microwave "Saturn", zvichienderana nemuenzaniso, inogona kuva nesimba rakasiyana. Kusarudzwa kwekombiyuta ye microwave yekambani iyi inogona kutanga nekuenzanisa magnetrons, uyezve mamwe mabasa.

Microwave kutenga

Paunotenga microwave oven, iwe unofanirwa kuziva nheyo yekushanda kwayo. Vakawanda vanongwarira nenzira iyi, vachikanganisa vachifunga kuti iyi ndiyo inobva majekesa. Ichokwadi, inoshandisa mutemo we microwave, iyo inotevera kubva pane zita racho pacharo. Microwave - haina kufanana ne "ultrahigh frequencies." Mazairo, echokwadi, haatombovhenekeri, asi zvakakosha kushandisa nzira iyi zvakanyatsonaka.

Iyo microwave iyo inenge iine chekudzivirirwa kubva kune zvakasikwa kubva kumagetsi ewa microwave. Vira rakadaro rakagadzirirwa senjere inokosha ichavhara magnetron kana musuo wakazaruka. Bvisa magnetron, iyo inofanira kubudisa microwave mazai, haagoni, kana mitemo yebasa ichiputsika. Kana iwe ukaisa muvira, somuenzaniso, ndiro yesimbi, iyo inongodzima iyo yose chipande.

Makomba kubva muuchivhenekera inogona kubuda kunze kwemamita mashanu. Saka, panguva iyo inoshanda, zviri nani kugara kure. Zvisinei, kuve kwekicheni yemapurisa akawanda hazvibvumi izvi, nokuti unofanirwa kuenda kune imwe imba.

Simba remagetsi, risingabatanidzi, rinopisa zvokudya zvinowanikwa muvheni rewa microwave. Uyezve, iyo inotonhora inotora zvakananga mukati mechigadzirwa, iyo inopedza nguva yekubika kune maminitsi akawanda. Usafambisa ndiro iyo iyo zvokudya zviripo.

Nokuda kwemugumisiro wakanakisisa wekubika iwe unoda kuziva nzira dzekugadzira yekubika dzimwe michina. Tichifunga nezvekuti nguva inopfuurira mberi, uye chigadzirwa chemakamuri ewa microwave hachichinje, tinogona kufunga kuti vanoramba vachitsanya zvekicheni zvevatengi vakawanda.

Kutenga magnetron kwe microwave

Kuzvitengera magnetron, iwe unoda kuziva kukosha. Kuti urege kuita chikanganiso chekutenga magnetron pane microwave LG, unofanira kuziva zvavari. Simba risina simba re magnetron is 2M213. Iyo yakabuda simba pasi pemutoro uye inowirirana inokwana 700 ne 600 W pamwe chete, kukosha kweanode ndi 3.95 kVp, uye inowanzoita 2460 MHz.

Magnetrons ane zvinoreva maitiro akawanda. Icho chikuru ndeche 2M214. Mumuenzaniso uyu, nguva yakawanda yakangofanana, kukosha kweanode kunopfuuridza - 4.20 kVp. Simba rekubuda pasi pemutoro uye rinowanikwa - 1000 uye 850 W maererano.

Izvo zviyero zvakanyanya zvezviratidzo zvemagnetron mark2M246. Panguva imwecheteyo, huwandu hwei anode hukuru - 4.40 kVp, huwandu hwemasimba ehuwandu hunenge huri mumutoro ndewe 1150 W, hunofanirwa - 1000 W.

Zvingaita here kuti uzvitsive iwe pachako?

Chero chepi yemhando yemagnetron ye microwave LG inogona kushandiswa neyeyo imwe yeimwe yakasimba, somuenzaniso, "Samsung". Saizvozvowo, unogona kutora magnetron kune Samsung microwave neyakakodzera simba kubva kune imwe kambani. Kana mienzaniso yeimba microwave yakasunungurwa nguva refu yapfuura, zvakaoma kuwana chikamu chechiratidzo chinowirirana. Zvichida mugadziri atotora kubva pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu izvi.

Asi kunyange kana iwe uchiziva mutemo wekushanda kwemagnetron, haufaniri kugadzirisa nzira iyi iwe pachako iwe pachako.

Iwe unogona kutenga magnetron yewaini yewaini microwave 2M218 JF Daewoo nekuraira mune zvipfeko zvakasiyana kana zvakananga kubva kumugadziri. Zvinodhura anenge 2 000 rubles.

Nheyo ye microwave operation

Kupisa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa mukivhisi yewa microwave ndizvo zvinotevera: chero chikafu chinenge chiri nemamolekemu emvura, iyo, iyo, inosanganisira kutongerwa zvakanaka uye kusina kunaka zviduku. Mamolekoro akadaro anoita se dipole, nokuti anofambisa zvakanaka mafungu emagetsi.

Mhedziso

Kuparara kwezvivako zve microwave - kukanganisa kwemagnetron. Tenga magnetron pane microwave LG (se, zvechokwadi, vamwe vanogadzirisa emidziyo iyi) uye inotsiva iyo pachayo ichava yakaoma. Kunyange kana pane chimwe chinhu chakakodzera, tenzi chete ndiye anogona kuzviisa.

Usati watenga chigadzirwa, iwe unofanira kufananidza mutengo waro nemutengo we microwave pachayo. Zvinowanzoitika kuti kugadzirisa kunodhura kupfuura kutenga. Nguva dzose funga izvi.

Saka, takaona kuti nei chinhu chakadai se magnetron chinodikanwa, uye pane zvikamu zvaro zvinoshandiswa.