Linear Motors iri motokari Linear Compressor

Linear motokari

The kwokutanga kubatana kwakajairika womukati combustion injini kwatiri - pistons kuti reciprocating kufamba. Zvadaro Bato ino crank mashandiro ari kutendeuka kuva rotational. Mune dzimwe mano, wokutanga nowokupedzisira kubatana kuti mumwe rwokufamba mhando.  

Somuenzaniso, muna motor-jenareta haumanikidzwi wokutanga reciprocating inofamba mugomba rotational rokuchinja, uye ipapo, ari oscillator iyi rotational kufamba dzokubvisa yakarurama pakuderedza, i.e. kuita mbiri pakatarisana kushanduka.

Modern kukura zvigadzirwa kwemashoko convert zvinogona dzakashandisa mutengi wacho goho voltage ari Linear remagetsi, zvinokubatsira kupa zano umo chikamu namahwindo yemagetsi redunhu anoita hapana rotational inofamba nenzira remagineti, uye reciprocating tsvimbo chete womukati injini. Mifananidzo nokuti ndatsanangura musimboti kushanda tsika uye Linear jenareta kuratidzwa Fig. 1.

Muonde. 1. Mufananidzo rimwe Linear uye kwakajairika jenareta.

Mugore kwakajairika voltage jenareta rinoshandiswa kuwana waya puranga, mumwe kutenderera remagineti uye zvakatanga nemunhu zvokunze pakutyaira simba. Yaida jenareta, waya puranga kunoita linearly mune remagineti. It rinoshandisa musiyano dzisina iri diki uye inoita zvikuru kurerutsa uye kuderedza mari propulsion kana achiedza womukati injini mu unhu kwayo.

Uyewo, ari reciprocating compressor anosundwa pisitoni injini, zvinoita mazano uye goho nhengo reciprocating inofamba, Fig. 2.

Muonde. 2. Driving uye kwakajairika Linear compressor.

Zvakanakira ari Linear motokari

1. Small kukura uye uremu, nokuda pasina crank mashandiro.
2. High MTBF, nokuda kwokushayiwa munhu crank mashandiro, uye kuvapo longitudinal mitoro chete.
3. Low mutengo, nokuda kwokushayiwa imwe crank mashandiro.
4. Manufacturability - zvikamu chete hatifaniri basa kushandiswa, akatendeuka uye azvikuya.
5. The tinogona kuchinja kuti rumwe rudzi mafuta pasina kumbomira injini.

Galvanzie kuzvidzora ne kumanikidzwa panguva compression rwekuita nezvakasanganiswa.

Mune kwakajairika injini kuti kugoverwa yemagetsi voltage (iyezvino) kuti huvepo chivhariso zvinofanira kuzadziswa maviri ezvinhu:

- wokutanga mamiriro ezvinhu pakutsvaga kinematics of crank mashandiro - vanofanira kuva pisitoni pamusoro akafa centre (pasina kuvesa nguva);

- wechipiri mamiriro ezvinhu pakutsvaga thermodynamic kutenderera - kumanikidzwa vari combustion mukamuri, pamberi uchishandisa kutenderera, anofanira kuva kunoenderana nemafuta.

Panguva imwe chete kuzadzisa maviri ezvinhu akaoma chaizvo. Kana compressed mhepo kana nezvakavhenganiswa, usabuda compressed gasi muimba combustion mukamuri kubudikidza pisitoni marin'i, uye vamwe. The nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva compression (injini mugodhi rotates zvishoma nezvishoma), hwepamusorosoro leakage. The kumanikidzwa ari combustion mukamuri pamberi basa kutenderera kunova zvishoma pane optimum uchishandisa kutenderera uye panguva suboptimal ezvinhu aripo. Engine kunyatsoshanda of mapopoma. Ndiko, kupa yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda pamusoro injini zvinogoneka chete rakamanikana zvakawanda aimhanya vachishandisa kutenderera goho mugodhi.

Naizvozvo, Somuenzaniso, injini kushanda panguva kumira ndiyo inenge 40%, uye mamiriro chaiwo uri motokari panguva dzakasiyana dzokutyaira mamiriro, ukoshi ichi chinozova pamusoro 10 ... 12%.

Mugore Linear injini hakusi crank mashandiro, saka hazvisi zvakakodzera kuzadzisa wokutanga ezvinhu, hazvina basa apo nokushanda kutenderera pisitoni, ane mutengo chete gasi kufurirwa ari combustion mukamuri nokushanda yatinofema. Naizvozvo, kana romugove voltage (richidzidzwa) pa chinopa chivhariso haangavi kudzora nzvimbo pisitoni, uye kumanikidza iri combustion mukamuri, basa kutenderera (kuvesa) nguva dzose kutanga imwe Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kumanikidzwa, pasinei kakawanda injini, Fig. 3.

Muonde. 3. kuvesa kudzora kushandisa mu-humburumbira nevezera mu "compression" kutenderera.

Saka, chero nokushanda kwadzinoita of Linear injini, tichava vaifanira nzvimbo loop thermodynamic kutenderera Carnot ukuwo, uye yakakwirira kushanda panguva dzakasiyana-siyana injini uchishandisa modes.

kuvesa kuzvidzora nokuda kwokudzvinyirira iri combustion mukamuri, inokupai "nyarara" chinja kune dzimwe rinochiwedzera. Somuenzaniso, kuchinja kubva kumusoro-octane huni shoma octane marudzi, pane Linear injini, zvakakodzera chete kurayira kuvesa hurongwa kupa voltage (richidzidzwa) panguva kuvesa dzomoto kunoitika panguva yakaderera kuvafurira. Mune kwakajairika injini zvakanga zvakakodzera yokugadziridza geometrical kukura pisitoni kana humburumbira.

Dzika kuvesa kudzora nevamwe humburumbira nokushandisa

munhu piezoelectric kana capacitive kumanikidzwa nzira.

The kumanikidzwa Switch chakagadzirirwa sechipo pesin, iyo anoiswa pasi nati pamusoro humburumbira musoro panhengo, Fig. 3. nesimba gasi kufurirwa ari compression mukamuri mabasa ari kumanikidzwa Switch, riri pasi fastening nati yacho humburumbira musoro. Uye mashoko pamusoro kumanikidzwa vari compression mukamuri iri chakasvitswa kuti kuvesa nguva kudzora chikwata. Kana kumanikidzwa mukamuri chaienzanirana kumanikidzwa peturu kuvesa, kuti kuvesa hurongwa anosvitsa voltage (kuitika) kusvika chimvari chivhariso. With kunoshamisa kuwedzera kumanikidza unoenderana pakutanga kushanda kutenderera, kuti kuvesa hurongwa anobvisa voltage (uno) chinopa chivhariso. Kana pasina kuwedzera kumanikidza kuburikidza preset nguva, unoenderana pasina kutanga rwekuita kutenderera, kuti kuvesa hurongwa anosvitsa kudzorwa chiratidzo kutanga injini. Uyewo, mu-humburumbira nevezera Switch goho inoshandiswa kuona kakawanda kushanda injini yayo diagnosis (tsanangudzo compression etc.).

Simba compression ndiyo Proportional kufurirwa ari combustion mukamuri zvakananga. Mushure nevamwe nerimwe kumushora sepombi, anova asina kutapudza akafanorongerwa (zvichienderana norudzi mafuta akashandiswa), kudzorwa hurongwa anosvitsa murayiro nokuda kubatidza ari combustible musanganiswa. Kana zvakakodzera, chinja mumwe mafuta, kuchinja wakatarwa (bhuku) kuvafurira.

Uyewo, kuchinja kubva panguva kuvesa of combustible musanganiswa anogona kuitwa nenzira otomatiki rudzi, sezvo vari kwakajairika muinjini. In humburumbira anoiswa maikorofoni - gogodza Switch. The maikorofoni anomuchinja zvokuimba kurira vibrations ari humburumbira muviri kuva yemagetsi chiratidzo. The digitaalinen Sefa pamusoro yakatarwa iyi mazakwatira sinusoids voltage, bvisa harmonic (sine wave) unoenderana kugogodza muoti. Kana goho chiratidzo pakati Sefa chaienzanirana pakuonekwa detonation injini utariri hurongwa kunoderedza kukosha nezvezvinotaurwa chiratidzo iyo unoenderana kumanikidzwa kuvesa pamusoro combustible nezvakasanganiswa. Pasina chiratidzo chaienzanirana detonation kudzora ezvinhu, mushure menguva kunowedzera bhuku ukoshi chiratidzo, iyo yakafanana aomerwa kuvesa of combustible nezvakavhenganiswa, kusvikira kakawanda dzokutambura detonation. Zvakare, pakaita frequencies yatangira detonation hurongwa kunoderedza bhuku chiratidzo, izvo rinoenderana kuvesa yokuderedza kumanikidzwa kuti bezdetonatsionnogo kuvesa. Saka kuvesa hurongwa zvinoenderana kuti mhando mafuta akashandiswa.

Nheyo nokushanda Linear motokari.

The uchishandisa nheyo Linear, kufanana kwakajairika womukati injini, kwakavakirwa mugumisiro chafariz rokuwedzera magasi yomuka panguva combustion peturu-mhepo muvhenganiswa uye anobvumira kwebasa pisitoni iri humburumbira. The unobatanidza shamhu transmits ari rectilinear reciprocating inofamba iri pisitoni kusvika Linear remagetsi, kana pisitoni compressors.

A Linear jenareta, Fig. 4, inoitwa majoko maviri pisitoni kushanda muna antiphase, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise yokufudza injini. peya imwe neimwe pistons zvakabatana munhu unobva tsvimbo. The unobatanidza shamhu iri yakaturikwa pamusoro Linear mabheyaringi uye akasununguka kuti oscillate, pamwe pistons vari jenareta redzimba. The pistons inoiswa sepombi dzomunyika injini. Achinatsa humburumbira kuburikidza nokudya zvokupara zvengarava, pasi pokudzora imwe overpressure duku zvakapararira munzvimbo predpusknoy mukamuri. A tsvimbo anoda pamusoro chinjwa chikamu rinobva wedunhu ari jenareta. Munda ichitenderera zvinowanisa rinobva nekubudisa inodiwa generating Magetsi. Kana reciprocating inofamba pakati unobatanidza tsvimbo, uye pamwechete navo chikamu rinobva redunhu, iro rinonzi magnetic nzira kunotangira ari excitation ichitenderera piringisha mira simba remagetsi ichitenderera, kufurira varimo voltage uye ano (kana kuvharwa yemagetsi redunhu).

Muonde. 4. Linear peturu.

Linear compressor, Fig. 5, inoitwa majoko maviri pisitoni kushanda muna antiphase, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise yokufudza injini. peya imwe neimwe pistons zvakabatana munhu unobva tsvimbo. The unobatanidza shamhu iri yakaturikwa pamusoro Linear mabheyaringi uye akasununguka-chinja pamwe pisitoni ari redzimba. The pistons inoiswa sepombi dzomunyika injini. Achinatsa humburumbira kuburikidza nokudya zvokupara zvengarava, pasi pokudzora imwe overpressure duku zvakapararira munzvimbo predpusknoy mukamuri. Kana reciprocating inofamba pakati unobatanidza tsvimbo, uye nawo pisitoni compressor, mhepo pasi kumanikidza uchaguta munzvimbo compressor receiver.

Muonde. 5. The Linear compressor.

The kushanda kutenderera injini iri kuitwa zvinogara maviri.

1. The compression sitiroko. The pisitoni inofamba kubva pasi akafa pfungwa yacho pisitoni kune rokumusoro akafa pfungwa yacho pisitoni, nokuvhara wokutanga nokudya zvokupara zvengarava. Pashure nokuvhara pisitoni nokudya zvokupara zvengarava, mafuta jekiseni kunoitika uye compression huni mhepo muvhenganiswa ari humburumbira rinotanga. In predpusknoy kamuri Vacuum zvinoumbwa pasi pisitoni pasi zvinoitwa iyo mhepo iri kusvitsa kuburikidza hayo vharuvhu kukamuri predpusknuyu.

2. Kungwarira sitiroko. Kana pisitoni riri pedo pamusoro akafa nepakati, compressed chinotsva musanganiswa iri abatidzwa wemagetsi dzomoto kubva dzomoto, zvichiita tembiricha uye kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu gasi inowedzera zvikuru. Nokupesvedzera chafariz pakuwedzera pisitoni inofamba ichienda rezasi akafa pfungwa magasi sezvamakaropafadzwa kuwedzera magasi basa rinokosha basa. Panguva imwe chete, kuti pisitoni pave pakakwirira kumanikidzwa mukamuri predpusknoy. Pasi chiito kwokudzvinyirira vharuvhu akavharwa, zvomutadzisa Saka mhepo kupinda yaunodya zvawanda.

kufefetedza hurongwa

Patinoedza Shamhu ari humburumbira, Fig. 6 sitiroko, kuti pisitoni parutivi kumanikidzwa vari combustion mukamuri, zvinofamba nenzira inoratidza museve. Achifuridzirwa overpressure muna predpusknoy mukamuri, vharuvhu riri yakavharwa, uye mhepo iri pano compression humburumbira nokuda kufefetedza. Paaizosvika plunger (compression mhete) kuti nokudya zvokupara zvengarava, Fig. 6 venting kumanikidzwa vari combustion mukamuri anowira nehasha, uye pamwe chete zvakare pisitoni tsvimbo inofamba nenzira inertia, i.e. mukanyiwa pamusoro chinjwa chikamu jenareta rine basa mumwe flywheel ari kwakajairika muinjini. In ichi zvakazara kuzarura nokudya zvokupara zviteshi uye compressed mhepo predvpusknoy mukamuri nokuda kufurirwa musiyano (kufurirwa predpusknoy kamuri uye mumhepo kumanikidzwa), purges humburumbira. Uyezve, ane basa kutenderera ari wakatarisana humburumbira, kuti compression kutenderera rinoitwa.

Kana pisitoni iri compression muoti, compression, Fig. 6 compression pisitoni anovhara nokudya zvokupara zvengarava, nemvura mafuta jekiseni rinoitwa, panguva ino mhepo iri combustion mukamuri riri pasi zvishoma overpressure pamusoro paitangira compression kutenderera. Mimwe compression, kana kumanikidzwa munhu compressible mafuta musanganiswa anova akaenzana bhuku (rikava akapiwa mhando huni) nokuti sesasaradzi chivhariso electrodes vachaguta munhu voltage kuitika pamusoro kuvesa musanganiswa rinotanga kushanda kutenderera uye muitiro inodzokororwa. In ichi womukati injini ari maviri chete coaxial uye oppositely vanoda pisitoni uye humburumbira, mechanically interconnected.

Muonde. 6. Linear gwenya kufefetedza hurongwa.

mafuta pombi

Driving chinotsva pombi ane Linear remagetsi ari cam that pamusoro, riri vabatwa pakati pisitoni pombi uye chinotenderera pombi chinotenderera muviri, Fig. 7. Cam pamusoro anoita reciprocating kufamba pamwe chete unobva netsvimbo dzomunyika injini, uye anosandudzira pisitoni uye pombi rollers nechimwe wachi inaye, sezvamakaropafadzwa pombi pisitoni inofamba hama kuti humburumbira uye mafuta kunoitika kune ejection kamwene mugove mumwe mafuta jekiseni pakutanga pamusoro compression kutenderera. Kushandura vabudiswa huwandu mafuta pa sitiroko, Cam pamusoro rinoitwa kutenderera pamusoro longitudinal akabatana. Nokuramba Cam pamusoro hama kuti longitudinal akabatana, asi rollers ari pombi pisitoni uye pombi muviri rollers vari haachatauri kana akatamira voga (zvichienderana kutungamirirwa kutenderera) panguva dzakasiyana akareba achinje nzira chinotsva pombi pisitoni mugove uye kuchinja vabudiswa mafuta. Kutenderera reciprocatingly anozunungusa Cam pamusoro wayo akabatana achishandisa mira mugodhi iyo achipinda kuroorana pamwe Cam achishandisa Linear kubereka. Saka, Cam unozobatsirawo, nomubato anoramba mira. Kana mugodhi zviri zvayaitenderera paguyo pamusoro wayo akabatana nekuvhura Cam pamusoro pamusoro wayo akabatana uye kufambisa mafuta pombi dzinoshandurwa. Val kuchinja chinotsva jekiseni mugove nechido munhu and injini kana manually.

Muonde. 7. Fuel Pump Linear jenareta.

Driving chinotsva pombi ane Linear compressor, asiwo cam that pemvura sandwiched pakati ndege uye ndege yacho pombi pisitoni pakati pombi kwedzimba, Fig. 8. Cam pose ane reciprocating muhombe inofamba pamwe nomubato giya ari womukati injini nguva, uye achisunda Ndege yacho pisitoni uye pombi panguva imwe sitiroko, pombi pisitoni inofamba hama kuti humburumbira uye mafuta kunoitika kune ejection kamwene mugove mumwe mafuta jekiseni pakutanga pamusoro compression kutenderera . Kana Linear compressor haufaniri kushandura uwandu huni vabudiswa. Basa Linear compressor zvinonzwisiswa chete vari vaviri pamwe mugamuchiri - simba kuchengetwa, izvo zvinogona vamugadzirire nenhongonya ari kunonyanyisa mutoro. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuratidza injini yacho Linear compressor maviri chete modes: Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mutoro muoti uye simbe nzira. Achitaurazve pakati izvi modes maviri rinoitwa pachishandiswa remagetsi mavharuvhu, kudzorwa hurongwa.

Muonde. 8. mafuta pombi pamusoro Linear compressor.

startup maitiro

Tanga-up hurongwa ari Linear injini rinoitwa, sezvo ari kwakajairika muinjini, nomukombiyuta nemotokari uye simba accumulator. Start kunoitika pamwe kwakajairika injini Starter (injini) uye flywheel (simba chekuchengeta chikwata). Kutanga Linear injini achishandisa Linear yemagetsi compressor uye chikungiso mugamuchiri, Fig. 9.

Muonde. 9. Start-up hurongwa.

At kutanga-up, asi kutanga compressor pisitoni, kana wakaita, chinoita zvishoma nokuda remagetsi munda windings uye Unokwakuka shure kwayo hwepakutanga. Mushure kupomba kukwira mugamuchiri 8 ... 12 ATM, zvokudya chinobviswa kubva chinouraya, uye kutanga kuti compressor injini vagadzirira kanda. Start kunoitika nokutumira compressed mhepo mumba predvpusknye Linear injini. Mhepo zvitengeswa rinoitwa kushandisa remagetsi mavharuvhu iyo anodzora kushanda kudzora hurongwa.

Sezvo kuzvidzora hurongwa haina ruzivo, umo nzvimbo injini unobva pematanda vari, asati atanga, kugoverwa mukuru kumanikidzwa mhepo mukamuri predpusknye muenzaniso, akanyanyisa sepombi, ivo pistons vanotama nebumbiro iri pakutanga asati atanga injini.

Next, kugoverwa mukuru vachimanikidzwa mhepo iri yechipiri humburumbira mukamuri predpusknye nokudaro yakabereka kufefetedza humburumbira asati atanga.

Pashure paizvozvo, kugoverwa yakakwirira kumanikidzwa mhepo zvakare predpusknye mukamuri yokunze humburumbira kuti injini kutanga. Pangosvika basa kutenderera (kumanikidza Switch kuratidzirana mukuru kumanikidzwa vari combustion mukamuri, unoenderana nokushanda kunoita), kudzorwa maitiro achishandisa remagetsi vharuvhu chemabhazi mhepo romugove kubva chikungiso receiver.

sync maitiro

Yaunonyanya kushandisa zviri matanda Linear injini achishandisa peya synchronizing rachulis uye Racks, Fig. 10 vasiyana chinjwa chikamu rinobva wedunhu ari jenareta kana compressor pistons. Toothed giya vhiri riri panguva kutinhwa mafuta pombi, panopinda kumanikidzwa lubrication nodes Linear gwenya kukweshera zvikamu.

Muonde. 10. The yaunonyanya kushandisa yacho crank jenareta.

Kuderedza uremu rinobva redunhu uye wemagetsi dunhu pakusanganisirawo ari windings.

Peturu jenareta Linear jenareta chinhu synchronous muchina. In randinenge jenareta rotor anoita rotational sangano, uye mukanyiwa pamusoro chinjwa chikamu rinobva redunhu hakukoshi. Mugore Linear oscillator chinjwa chikamu rinobva redunhu anoita reciprocating sangano pamwe chete unobva netsvimbo dzomunyika injini, uye yakakwirira kurema zvinofamba chikamu rinobva wedunhu iri jenareta kuita zvisingabviri. Zvakakosha kuwana nzira yokuderedza uremu pamusoro chinjwa chikamu rinobva wedunhu ari jenareta.

Muonde. 11. jenareta.

Kuderedza uremu chinjwa chikamu rinobva redunhu, zvakakodzera kuderedza geometrical kukura maererano akaderedza vhoriyamu uye uremu, Figure 11. Asi ipapo rinobva nekubudisa michinjikwa ichitenderera peya imwe chete pane mahwindo shanu, zvinonzi nerechiHebheru kuti rinobva nekubudisa kondakita michinjikwa kashanu mapfupi, ukuwo uye goho voltage (simba) akaderedza 5 nguva.

Kuti nekure rutapudzo zviri jenareta voltage zvakafanira kuwedzera uwandu muchichinjana pahwindo rimwe, kuti simba ichitenderera kondakita pakureba raiva rakafanana chepakutanga shanduro jenareta 11 muna Fig.

Zvisinei, kune nhamba huru Coils avata pasi pahwindo pamwe chete geometrical kukura, zvinokosha kuderedza chikamu vomuchinjikwa muitisi.

At Kugara mutoro goho voltage uye chafariz mutoro, nokuti kondakita kwakadaro, muchiitiko ichi kuchawedzera uye ichava Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri (iyezvino yakaramba zvakafanana, uye chikamu muchinjikwa muitisi kunoderedza kusvika 5 times). Izvi zvingaitika kana mahwindo windings chokuita pane akatevedzana, kureva apo mutoro pari runoyerera kuburikidza windings panguva imwe chete, sezvo ari kwakajairika jenareta. Asi kana mutoro rave batanidza ichitenderera vaviri chete mahwindo ayo Parizvino intersects ari rinobva zvinoyerera coils uku yakadaro pfupi, haana nguva overheat, sezvo chafariz inertia kwendangariro. Izvozvo zvakakodzera kuti rave batanidza kuti mutoro chete chikamu ichocho jenareta ichitenderera (danda hangaiwa), izvo intersects kuti rinobva zvinoyerera dzimwe nguva unofanira zvichitonhorera pasi. Saka, mutoro nguva dzose hwakabatana mune ngaatevedzane mumwe chete ichitenderera pamusoro jenareta.  

In ichi RMS kuitika ruchiyerera napakati ichitenderera pamusoro jenareta haangavi kusapfuudza optimum ukoshi kubva pakuona kwoMutsvene kudziyisa kondakita. Saka unogona kuva yekudyidzana anopfuura 10 nguva, kwete chete kuderedza uremu chinjwa chikamu rinobva wedunhu ari jenareta, uye mukanyiwa uye akadarika chikamu rinobva redunhu.

Achitaurazve windings achishandisa zvigadzirwa kiyi.

thyristors (triacs) - sezvo makiyi, semiconductor mano inoshandiswa rave unobva jenareta windings kuti mutoro.

A Linear jenareta, izvozvo muAtlantic munhu kwakajairika jenareta, Fig. 11.

Somuenzaniso, pane imwe kakawanda unoenderana 3000 zvinogara / Maminitsi uye panguva netsvimbo 6 cm mumwe ichitenderera chichange neshungu panguva 0,00083 chik, mumwe kuitika 12 kakapetwa chezita, vamwe nguva - vanenge 0.01 masekonzi, coils ichi chichange haachandidi. Akaroromesawo uchishandisa kakawanda, kudziyisa nguva uchawedzera asi, wakaenzana, achaita kuderera magetsi kuti runoyerera napakati coils uye mutoro.  

Triac - a chinja (inogona kuvhura kana kuvhara wemagetsi redunhu). Kuvhura nokuvhara kwaita. In oparesheni, achangopera rinobva nekubudisa kuyambuka kutanga windings, migumo windings rinowanika pamusoro vakafurira voltage, ichi kunoita kuti kuvhara ari zvemagetsi vematunhu (triac yokutanga). Zvadaro, kana simba rinonzi magnetic nekubudisa chinoyambuka windings anotevera ichitenderera, kuti voltage donhwe mhiri electrodes kunoguma pakuvhurwa triac redunhu. Saka, panguva imwe nguva, mutoro ukashandukira dzose nguva, muna urongwa, rimwe chete ichitenderera pamusoro jenareta.

Muonde. 12 inoratidza ungano mufanidzo pamusoro jenareta pasina munda ichitenderera.

kunzvimbo dzakawanda Linear Motors vari inoumbwa pose chimurenga, i.e. vane cylindrical chimiro. Izvi zvinoita kuti kugadzira navo tichishandisa yakachipa pashiri uye inogona zvoga wekushanduka kushandiswa.

Muonde. 12. Gungano mufanidzo yacho jenareta.

A kwemasvomhu muenzaniso kune Linear motokari

A kwemasvomhu muenzaniso Linear jenareta kunobva simba kuchengetedza mutemo uye mutemo Newton kuti: chero nguva, panguva t0 uye T1, vanofanira kunakidzwa kuenzana mauto kuita pamusoro pisitoni. Pashure pfupi nguva chinguva, pasi pokudzora Pamusana simba, kuti pisitoni kunoita imwe kure. Muchidimbu chikamu ichi taifunga kuti pisitoni inodedera ravnouskoreno. Kukosha ose ehondo ichachinja mitemo wefizikisi uye akaverenga ne kuvazivisa Masvomhu

[Handbook of wefizikisi: Kuhling H. Lane. nayo. 2nd ed. - M:. Mir, 1985. - 520 s, yl] ... date zvose zvaitika yakanyorwa tafura, akadai Excel. Zvadaro basa zvinokosheswa t0 T1 uye kutenderera rinodzokorora. Ndiko, tinobudisa logarithm oparesheni.

The kwemasvomhu womuenzaniso iri tafura, somuenzaniso muna Excel chirongwa uye neungano richiswedera (gadzira) ari jenareta. On the gadzira haabati Linear kukura uye Coordonatele patafura masero ari Excel. The tafura vachaitwa kunoenderana aronga Linear kukura, uye Software anoti uye anoronga sangano iri pisitoni, ari rakapotsa jenareta. Kureva, dzinomiririra kukura: dhayamita pamusoro pisitoni, vhoriyamu mukamuri predvpusknoy pisitoni sitiroko kuti nokudya zvokupara zvengarava, nezvimwewo, tinowana kwokurangana nechokure vakafamba, kukurumidza uye kumhanyisa pamusoro kwebasa pisitoni nguva nenguva ... Izvi zvinoita kuti ngaaverenge zvinenge mazana kusarudza uye sarudza zvakanaka.

Nokuronga jenareta ichitenderera waya.

The rukoko waya imwe Linear jenareta hwindo, kusiyana kwakajairika jenareta, riri chete mundege imwe spirally yakakoswa, saka nyore mhepo yacho coils waya harisi denderedzwa muchinjikwa-chikamu uye rectangular, i.e. ichitenderera iri spirally wakarukwa mhangura ndiro. Izvi zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuwedzera zvinodiwa chinokonzera nepahwindo, asi zvikuru kuwedzera simba zvemaziso pakati windings. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti kumhanya wetsvimbo, uye nokudaro chinjwa chikamu rinobva redunhu, hakusi chete. Izvi zvinoreva kuti rinobva nekubudisa mitsetse kuyambuka ichitenderera pemahwindo siyana panguva aimhanya siyana. Kuti rinyatsoshanda ari ichitenderera waya, nhamba muchichinjana neimwe hwindo anofanira kuenzaniswa kumhanya ari rinobva nekubudisa pedyo hwindo (tsvimbo nokukurumidza). Kuwanda majana ose windings nerimwe hwindo anosarudzwa panyaya netsvimbo nokukurumidza zvichienderana daro akafamba neshamhu.

Uyewo, kuti zvimwe yakafanana kuitika vanowanika voltage, zvinokwanisika kuti mhepo iri ichitenderera hwindo rimwe yemhangura bwendefa zvakasiyana ukobvu. At mugove umo unobatanidza shamhu haisi ichimhanya zvikuru, dzinopoterera rinoitwa panguva ndiro ukobvu. The hwindo zvinonyatsoenderana vakawanda ichitenderera majana, uye pane yakaderera kumhanya unobva tsvimbo pa nzvimbo ino, jenareta achava vaunze mumwe voltage kuenderana magetsi voltage panguva zvikamu "kutsanya", kunyange zvazvo vanowanika pari achava yekudyidzana yakaderera.

Kushandiswa munhu Linear jenareta.

The chikuru pokushandisa zvinorondedzerwa jenareta - uninterruptible simba romugove pamusoro low-simba zvinomera, vachibvumira kunofambidzana midziyo kuti ishande kwenguva refu nguva simba achidzima kakawanda kana goho pakati parameters ayo kusapfuudza vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo.

Electricity anogona kushandiswa kupa zvemagetsi simba nokuda maindasitiri mudzimba magetsi, pasina yemagetsi munda network, uyewo simba chikwata kuti motokari (vakaberekwa motokari), somunhu Mobile Magetsi jenareta.

Somuenzaniso, magetsi simba remagetsi muchimiro nedzenyu (masutukezi, mabhegi). The mushandisi zvinotora naye panzvimbo isina zvemagetsi network (building, musango, pazororo kumusha, etc ...), Kana zvichikodzera nekudzvanya kuti "Start" bhatani, kuti jenareta anotanga uye anodyisa simba yemagetsi chokuita nayo zvemagetsi zvemhando: yemagetsi, mhuri zviridzwa. Ndicho zvatinosiita tsime magetsi simba, asi isingadhuri zvikuru uye kubwinya dzomuzana.

Kushandiswa Linear Motors zvinoita kusika isingadhuri nyore kushandisa, uye kutarisira, motokari nyore.

A motokari ane Linear remagetsi

A motokari ane Linear remagetsi chinhu chiedza miviri (makirogiramu 250) kubva motokari, Fig. 13.

Muonde. 13. Vehicle Linear Petrol.

Kana utariri haadi kuchinja rachulis (chinoramba chichingorerutsa mitemo miviri). Nokuti kuti jenareta anogona kuva simba rayo kunonyanyisa kunyange apo "kutama" pazvigaro zvavo (kusiyana motokari kwakajairika), kuti kumhanyisa unhu kunyange masimba pasi traction injini, vane nani kuita zvinoitwa pane akafanana kwakajairika motokari. Amplification zvazviri gozvo uye ABS gadziriro kunoitwa mu software, sezvo zvose zvakakodzera "simbi" vanotova (injini vhiri rimwe anogona kudzora torque kana braking torque vhiri Somuenzaniso apo akashandura mudhiraivho torque kuparadzirwa pakati kurudyi nekuruboshwe pavakandirambidza kushamwaridzana nerimwe nemavhiri, uye mavhiri vari zvayaitenderera paguyo pachavo mutyairi chete dzinovabvumira tenderera, kureva, kuzvidzora pasina kuedza). The modular magadzirirwo anobvumira motokari kuti vaungane akumbirwa mutengi (unogona kutsiva nyore alternator ane kupfuura simba kwemaminitsi mashoma).

Izvi zvinoitika motokari asi isingadhuri zvikuru uye kubwinya dzomuzana.

Features - nyore kushanda, mari shoma, kutsanya yakatarwa kumhanya, simba kusvika 12 KW,-vhiri zvose nemotokari (Nzvimbo motokari zvose).

The motokari pamwe yaida jenareta nokuda chaiyo Maumbirwe jenareta, ane pasi chaizvo muzinda giravhiti, saka achava mukuru kumhanya kugadzikana.

Uyewo, motokari yakadaro yakakwirira zvikuru kumhanyisa nezvaanogona. In motokari aronga anogona kushandisa kunonyanyisa simba simba chikwata panguva aimhanya zvose.

Vakagovera guru simba chikwata hakurevi vapinze mutumbi motokari, saka unogona kuita chisingakoshi, nyore nyore.

Traction wemotokari injini, sezvamakaropafadzwa nemotokari chikwata anoshandisa Linear jenareta anofanira kugutsa zvinotevera ezvinhu:

- simba injini vanofanira zvakananga pasina convert kwakabatana kuti jenareta zviteshi (kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda kuti magetsi hutachiwana uye kuderedza mari-DC convert);

- ane goho nomubato injini kutenderera nokumhanya inofanira kuchinjwa pamusoro-siyana, uye haafaniri kuvimba kakawanda simba remagetsi inoshanda;

- The Injini anofanira kuva mukuru MTBF, ndiko kuva akavimbika ichishanda (vasina nomuteresi);

- The Injini anofanira chipa (nyore);

- injini anofanira kuva mukuru torque yakaderera rotational kumhanya ari goho mugodhi;

- injini anofanira kuva chiedza uremu.

Scheme pakusanganisirawo kwakadaro injini windings kuratidzwa Fig. 14. By kunatsiridza rotor simba ichitenderera polarity kuwana torque rotor.

Uyewo, nokuchinja kwakakura uye polarity pamusoro rotor simba ichitenderera akaiswa zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope vachishandisa kutenderera rotor hama kuti stator remagineti. Pehurumende AC simba rotor ichitenderera, pane utariri slidably, kubvira 0 ... 100%. The simba nerubatsiro rotor ichitenderera anenge 5% of injini simba, saka simba convert haumanikidzwi kuita rose uno traction Motors, uye chete nokuda excitation uno. Power-DC convert Somuenzaniso, nokuti-bhodhi remagetsi 12 KW ndiyo 600 chete W, uye simba iri rakakamurwa migero mana, i.e. gwara vanokwanisa neimwe inverter iri 150 W (nerimwe traction injini vhiri mugero). Saka pasi kushanda ari convert asingadi kukanganisa yekudyidzana mugadziriro kunyatsoshanda. The convert kunogona kuvakwa vachishandisa yakaderera-simba, rweruzhinji semiconductor zvinhu.

Magetsi kubva zviteshi pasina kushandurwa vaipa kune simba windings pamusoro traction Motors. Unoponesa chete excitation ano, saka kuti nguva dzose kuyaruka kushorwa pamwe nesimba ichitenderera uno. Sezvo excitation Kuyerera 5 ... 6% of zvachose ano ukapisa pakazosvika traction injini, kuti nemotokari simba zvaidiwa 5 ... 6% of jenareta simba, iyo kuderedza mari uye kurema inverter ndokuwedzera kunyatsoshanda wegadziriro. Panyaya iyi, iyo convert excitation ano traction Motors vanofanira "ziva" mamiriro ezvinhu umo injini mugodhi ndechokuti panguva imwe neimwe ari excitation ichitenderera pari ari kusvitsa kuumba kunonyanyisa torque. Chinzvimbo Switch of goho nomubato ari traction injini iMhedziso_ encoder.

Muonde. 14. The zano kwebasa rinofanira traction injini windings.

Kushandiswa munhu Linear remagetsi, sezvo simba chairema motokari kuumba motokari chidhina marongerwo. Kana zvakakodzera, maminitsi mashomanana kuti kushandura zvikuru zvinoriumba uye nemagungano, Fig. 15, uye kushandisa muviri iyerere vakapoteredza zvakanakisisa, sezvo pasina low-simba motokari simba headroom kukurira mhepo kuramba nokuda kukwana aerodynamic chimiro (nokuti mukuru coefficient kurwisa).

Muonde. 15. Mano chaivharidzira urongwa.

A motokari ane Linear compressor

A motokari ane Linear compressor ari maviri chokuyananisa chiedza (makirogiramu 200) kubva motokari, Fig. 16. Iri nyore uye isingadhuri analogue mumotokari ane Linear jenareta, asi pamwe yakaderera hutachiwana kunyatsoshanda.

Muonde. 16. Pneumatic motokari. The Linear motokari.

Muonde. 17. Control vhiri.

Sezvo vhiri nokukurumidza Switch ane incremental encoder inoshandiswa. Incremental encoder kupomba goho vari, iri kutenderera kuburikidza imwe angled iri yakawanikwa panguva goho yacho voltage kufamba kweropa. Switch zvemagetsi, "kukosha" nhamba pulses por Unit nguva, uye anonyorera bumbiro iri kuti goho mazita. By "nokushandisa" kudzora mamiriro yekubvuma (kero) ari Switch, electronic wedunhu ari encoder, munhu sequential outputs ane iverengwe goho remazita kuti ruzivo guide. The kuzvidzora Hurongwa inoti (ruzivo pamusoro vhiri nokukurumidza) ari Switch kuzivikanwa uye akafanorongerwa algorithm zvinowanisa bumbiro nokuda nokudzora actuator and injini.

mhedziso

Mari motokari, nokuti vanhu vakawanda, iri 20 ... 50 pamwedzi mari. Vanhu havagoni kutenga motokari itsva 8 ... 12 zviuru $, uye mumusika hausi motokari iri mutengo kuwanda 1 ... 2 zviuru $. Shandisa ane Linear remagetsi kana compressor, senzira simba chikwata kuumba nyore kushandisa, uye motokari dzinodhura.

Modern pcb kugadzirwa michina uye kuwanda zvigadzirwa zvigadzirwa, kunoita kuti uite zvinenge zvose zvemagetsi kubatana waya mbiri - simba uye ruzivo. Izvozvo hazvina kubereka remubatanidzwa wenyika vanoungana nomumwe zvemagetsi mudziyo mumwe nomumwe: sensors, actuators uye chiratidzo namano uye kubatanidza mumwe mudziyo kune zvachose simba, uye Vhuṱanzi waya. The kuzvidzora Hurongwa, uyewo, anoratidza Codes (kero) mano, Serial code, mashoko pamusoro waya, uye ipapo achimirira mashoko mudziyo chinzvimbo, naiyewo sequential code, uye nomusi iwoyo mutsetse. Pachishandiswa zviratidzo izvi, kudzorwa hurongwa zvinowanisa kudzorwa Codes kuti varikutonga uye achipa chiratidzo mano, uye transmits navo shanduro actuators kana zvava mano mutsva pakusava (kana zvakakodzera). Saka, panguva kugadzwa kana kugadziriswa, mudziyo mumwe nomumwe anofanira chokuita tambo mbiri (waya mbiri ndezvemamiriro ose onboard magetsi) uye magetsi pasi.

Kuderedza mutengo, uye saka mutengo mishonga nekuda mutengi,

vanofanira husava installation uye magetsi kwokubatana onboard zviridzwa. Somuenzaniso, tsika kugadzwa, kuti vakwanise kuva rwemberi nzvimbo rambi, anofanira kuvharwa, pamwe chinja, yemagetsi wedunhu ari chiedza chiridzwa simba. The Dunhu unotora: ndimo magetsi simba, pomugove kondakita, panongova simba chinja, imwe zvemagetsi mutoro. Mumwe mutariri chaikosha asiri simba panobva kunoda munhu vanomhanyisa, inexpensive zvokuimba chinja ane pasi nhamba "pamusoro-kure" zvinogara. With vakawanda onboard magetsi, mitengo chokugadza unobatanidza waya kunowedzera zvakaenzanirana nhamba mano kunowedzera mukana wokuti zvikanganiso nokuda kwevanhu zvinhu. Apo pamwero mukuru kugadzirwa nyore utariri mano uye kuverenga mashoko kubva sensors kuti rwonzi uye kwete munhu, nokuti mudziyo mumwe nomumwe. Somuenzaniso, kuti vakwanise kuva rwemberi nzvimbo rambi, muchiitiko ichi, zvinokosha kuti kubata kubatwa kubata Switch, kudzorwa redunhu kuchaita vaunze kudzora remitemo kutsausa rwemberi nzvimbo rambi. Information pamusoro waya kuchaita kuratidza mudziyo pakusanganisirawo kero rwemberi nzvimbo rambi uye yokupedzisira chiratidzo, uye ipapo rinogumisa womukati wedunhu simba chinjika nzvimbo rambi. Ndiko, magetsi wedunhu inoumbwa zvakaoma: rwoga kweShanduro akadhindwa redunhu N