Kutapukirwa mafuta: kupatsanura uye unhu

Gear anonhuwirira - kirasi chaiyo injini mafuta akagadzirirwa kushandiswa mune zvakasiyana nodes pamusoro kukweshera yedzimudzangara motokari, uyewo dzakasiyana-siyana giya. Motor uye giya nemafuta anobudiswa pamusoro chicherwa kana chakaita zvokugadzirwa nechigadziko, uye ipapo doped siyana yokuvirisa, asi nokupfuuridzirwa zvinodiwa dzakakwirira, nokuti anoshanda dzakakwirira zvikuru zvinorema uye kunowedzera kuti pitikoti kuti kukweshera hukawanika. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zviratidzi kwemafuta yakadaro ndiyo Kugona rwokudzivirira firimu pamusoro pemvura kukweshera zviumbu kudzivisa zvokuimba kuonana pakati pavo. The hypoid giya mafuta anoshandiswa, izvo, akapinda makemikari maitiro pamwe hukawanika wemigove, kudzivirira pavo skipanie nhaka kumanikidzwa zvikuru ehupfumi. Panguva oparesheni, giya anonhuwirira oxidize uye kuva yakasviba uye aifanira kutsiviwa nguva nenguva. Izvi kuonekwa zvakanaka kana mafuta yakaderera tsika oxidation. Sezvo vagadziri siyana vanoshandisa yokuvirisa siyana kusanganisa zvigadzirwa zvavo asingagoni. Kana kutsiva nokupfuuridzirwa chikwata anofanira kumboshamba kwazvo, kana zvichibvira zvakafanana nemafuta matsva.

Gear anonhuwirira dzinoiswa kana viscosity kana Performance. Saka, maererano SAE (Association of Automotive Engineers) vari rakakamurwa makirasi mapfumbamwe - zhizha shanu uye mana chando (pamwe indekisi W). Nokuti mumwe kirasi yamunenge viscosity indekisi. SAE SAE 70W kana 250, somuenzaniso. Dual indekisi yakaratidza kuti multigrade anonhuwirira (SAE 80W-90, etc.).

API (American peturu Institute) anokamura mafuta 6 makirasi, zvichienderana operative ehupfumi - GL-1 ... GL-6. makirasi ava zvakafanana nezvaishandiswa mune Soviet GOST 17479.2-85 TM1 ... TM6. Rechishanu nerechitanhatu boka inoshandiswa hypoid rachulis uye inonyanya lubricity uye kumanikidzwa zvikuru unongotaura.

Kana uchisarudza giya mafuta, vanofanira kuisa achinyanya kwavo kushanda ezvinhu. Kana kirasi dererei pane zvakafanira, inongova mashandiro anotadza, uye yakakwirira mafuta mugwaro ane yepamusoro cost, iyo ichaita kuti mutengo overruns. Zvinokoshawo kuti kufunga kutonhora panguva iyo nokupfuuridzirwa zvinoshanda, uye pamusoro maererano ichi yokusarudzira mafuta. SAE 85W Somuenzaniso, achava anoshanda tembiricha kuti -12 ° C, uye 85W anofanira -40 ° C. In otomatiki transmissions , chaiwo pasi-viscosity mvura, saka hapana injini kana hutachiwana mafuta ipapo regai kushandisa.

Nhasi pamusoro pamusika huru-siyana vagadziri kupa kwavo giya mafuta - Lukoil, Total, Texaco, Reksol, Odin nevamwe vazhinji. A-siyana yokuvirisa vakashandisa anosarudza padanho yepamusoro kwemafuta uye dzavo mutengo siyana. Mineral kazhinji isingadhuri, asi riri shoma muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari sezvo chaizvo zvakasiyana. A akanaka nzwisisa kuti zvino vave Semi-muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari somunhu anofara svikiro pakati maviri okutanga. Zvinofanira kuva vasingafariri fakes uye kwete kutenga mafuta ari untested muzvitoro. Change bhokisi anogara anodhura pane kutora unhu mafuta akanaka, kunyanya iye zvino kuti yaitsiva kuti atsive navo akachengetwa 60 zviuru makiromita kana kupfuura.