Kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro differential

Kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro differential - nzira yakataurwa American wepfungwa Charles Osgood kuyera connotative zvinoreva mashoko, zvinhu, pfungwa, tsika. Rinoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana- Sociological zveBhaibheri, uyewo yokutengesa, tsvakurudzo, User ruzivo, kurapa.

Kune tsika mbiri pakati mitauro zviyero (mashoko): denotative uye connotative. Denotation - a lexical kukosha kwayo. Chirevo - zvepabonde zvaanoreva. Somuenzaniso, funga shoko "ingwe" kana "chapungu." Dzinomirira mhuka, asi avo connotative zvinoreva - simba, simba.

Mukutanga 1950s, Charlz Osgud nevamwe vake vakashandisa thesaurus "Roget kuti Thesaurus" chokubudisa nechirwere scale, zvichienderana kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro zvakapesana: "zvakanaka-zvakaipa", "kutsanya-anononoka", "vakachena-tsvina", "zvinokosha-chisingabatsiri "" akarurama-kururama, "" munyoro-zvakaoma "uye zvichingodaro. Osgood akatumidza chikero sezvinotevera: kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro differential sezvo vari kusiyaniswa pachishandiswa nhamba kusimba ari kuzviitira kunzwisisa connotative dzevanhu zvichirehwa mashoko.

Zvokutsvakurudza chikwata akakwanisa kushandisa kwakaita apo zvemichina kombiyuta uye chakaita kuongorora kuongorora yakawanda mashoko achibatsirwa "vatongi" vazhinji (vanhuwo vakokwa kuti vataure mafungiro avo), uyo dzinoongororwa zvinopfuura chiuru pfungwa pazviyero zhinji, kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro differential. Zvakaguma kuwanikwa kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro nzvimbo - kune zvitatu unokosha nokuyerwa mafungiro, mumwe nomumwe wavo mumagariro ezvinhu, pasinei nomutauro kana tsika. Tevera kuedza ne vaongorori vakawanda munyika dzakatsigira kururama kwemashoko kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro nzvimbo uye ake muchinjikwa-tsika ukoshi.

Kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro differential chiyero Zvinoitwa nevanhu kuti tide kuita mashoko uye pfungwa maererano nokukosha coefficients mune dambudziko muchikero zvimwe kutukana antonyms nerimwe divi.

Mushure ongororo connotative zvinoreva redzidziso zhinji, Charlz Osgud nevamwe vake dzinoti nhatu dzinokosha vanofungidzirwa nomwe-pfungwa pamwero: "kupima", "simba", "basa":

- Good _3 ___ __ 2 __: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 ___ _-: __ __- 2: __- 3__Plohoy;

- Strong _3 ___ __ 2 __: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 ___ _-: __ __- 2: __- 3__Slaby;

- Active _3 ___ __ 2 __: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 _- ___: __ __- 2: __- 3__Passivny:

The "0" zvinoreva nhamba kwazvakarerekera, "1" - "muduku", "2" - "zvakakwana", "3" - "chaizvo".

Kazhinji, munhu anova vanofarira vamwe pfungwa, akadai "Red China" uye mukumbire kuti vaongorore ari nhamba pachikero. Kuongorora sangano wacho zviyero dzinogona kubatanidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.

kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro differential nzira inoshandiswa vazhinji zvikonzero.

Nedambudziko adjectival majoko - nyore, mutengo-vanobudirira nzira zvichiita kuwana zvimwe data, kwakavakirwa kuzviitira kunzwisisa vanhu connotative zvichirehwa mashoko. Izvi miganhu matatu, sokuti chimiro "munzanga uye mupfungwa maitiro" vanhu mumwe mhando.

In zvepfungwa, kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro differential inoshandiswa yeGmail.END_STRONG zvakatinakira psychotherapy kuti tsanangudzo "kuzvidzora pfungwa." Zvimwe mafomu ose nzira kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro differential - kutsvakurudza musika, kuongorora nhau, zvemagariro tsvakurudzo, kunyanya zvigadzirwa avo, makambani, vanhu, mufananidzo iyo inofanira vakaongorora.

For kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro differential kunoda savvy vacho. Mukuwedzera, vane kunzwisisa mutauro zvakanaka kukwanisa "kunzwisisa" kusiyana ake yakanakisisa. Kazhinji, hazvina akakodzera vana, asi kune kuwedzera omumwe vadzidzi mudzidzisi nechirwere nzira kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro differential. The turusi rinopa mhinduro dzinonakidza pamuganhu nzvimbo pakati zvemutauro uye zvepfungwa.