Gini indekisi

Mumwe matambudziko zvakakura kuti kusimukira ndiro mari kusaruramisira. The mukuru wayo pamwero, yakawanda vanhu munyika vari kutanga kunzwa pfungwa kusaruramisira. Kushaikwa mari zvinotisvitsa dzose nehanya rakatevera, izvo zvingaita kuti mwero yakasiyana.

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, nezvoupfumi vakawana nzira kuyera yeruramisiro pachinhu kugovera mari achishandisa Statistical nzira yakasiyana. The Gini indekisi rinongova rimwe zviratidzo izvi. chakarurama ichi akazviratidza upfumi muna 1912 nokuda Italian demography uye nhamba Korrado Dzhini.

The Gini coefficient anobvumira kukarukureta mari kusaruramisira munyika. tsika dzayo dziri zvinobva 0 1. The maduku mutengo inova Gini indekisi, zvikuru noruvara akaparadzirwa nehurumende kunopfuurira. Asiwo, kana chakarurama ichi kunoita kuti kubatana, variritire iri kuramba iri mumaoko chikamu chiduku vemo.

The Gini coefficient. kukarukureta

Kukarukureta of chinoratidza anogadzirwa kushandisa Lorenz munyonga chati. Kureva nzvimbo rakatenderedzwa ari Lorenz munyonga uye mutsetse zvakaisvonaka sezvo A, uye nharaunda pazasi sezvo B. akabva Gini indekisi akaenzana kuti quotient yaunganidzwa kupatsanura A kuti (A + B). Sezvo A + B = 0.5, ipapo chakarurama yedu zvinogona dzaona sezvinotevera: D = 2 * A = 1-2 * B. Kana isu ataure nhamba ave kushanda Lorentz Y = L (X), mutengo B anogona kuwanikwa vachishandisa chinokosha.

The vakawanda ezvinhu munyika sezvinotevera:

The Gini indekisi munyika kuti vanobatanidzwa mune European bloc, akadai Slovenia, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Czech Republic, ari zvinobva 0.2 kusvika 0.3. Izvi hazvirevi kuti mari vose vagere munyika idzi panguva iyoyo yakati sandara, asi ndechokuti National fuma iri zvakaenzana anoparadzirwa. In neimwe nyika mune yepamusorosoro, yakaderera uye pakati strata munzanga, vane zvavo zvakananga siyana pfuma uye mari, asi zviri pachena murombo uye pachena yakapfuma.

Munyika idzodzo vane upfumi dzinokudziridzwa zvakanaka, akadai Japan, UK, Germany, Spain, France, uye Portugal, asi Gini coefficient ndiyo avhareji vanenge 0.35. Vanonyanya kupa kuwanda ndiyo emakambani nemasangano kushanda rwezvemabhengi uye mumaindasitiri zvekutepfenyura. Mapoka makuru maviri zvinogona kupatsanurwa munzanga: zvikuru vakapfuma uye munhu tichikurumidza zveupfumi ukapisa murwi uye zvinetso zvemari.

Munyika umo Gini coefficient kumusoro (kubvira 0.45 kusvika 0.55 uye dzimwe nguva kwakatokura 0,6), kusanganisira Russia, USA, Venezuela, Brazil, Guatemala, Namibia, El Salvador, Bolivia, Haiti uye Zimbabwe. Zvingaita sokuti izvi nyika guru sezvinoita US uye Russia kuva chete zvawanyora African uye Latin America? Ungangove, mhinduro iri kusaruramisira yokupedza tsika mumwe mamiriro zvokurimisa zvainoda uye vawane akakodzera zvabuda.

Sezvo imwe nzira kuvandudza zvakafanana pamusoro kugovera mari ichaongororwa kuva ruyamuro mamiriro kuti dzidzo mugadziriro, magariro kuchengeteka uye zvoutano. Izvi zvinoita kuti vanhu vane mari shoma kuti vawane dzidzo, kuchengetedza utano uye kuva nechivimbo nezveramangwana ravo.

Akatevera nzira rokurwisa kusaruramisira zvinoreva kuchinja ezvinhu mitero vomuUmambo, kunyanya, yebhuku mberi mari mitero. Flat zvazvingava mitero kuti mari yevanhu, izvo, somuenzaniso, huripo muRussia, zvinotungamirira yokuti varombo vava varombo uye mupfumi kuramba kuwedzera pfuma yake.

Zvisinei, Chokwadi, unogona kushandisa nzira zvabatanidzwa chitsva, zvikuru dzakasiyana kuvandudza kugovera nyika mari nefuma vachiri kuzivikanwa.