Georgy Tovstonogov (1915-1989), theatre wokuimba Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Georgiy Aleksandrovich Tovstonogov - Soviet theatre wokuimba, vanhu Artist of USSR, Dagestan uye Georgia, uyewo Kumukundi pakati mibayiro yakawanda, kusanganisira Lenin uye Stalin.

mhuri

George Tovstonogov akaberekwa muna 1915 kuGeorgia, muna Tbilisi. guta rino richava chaiyo riwedzere yeramangwana mutungamiriri wokutanga. baba vake vaiva nechokuita yemitambo kana kuita mutambo, asi basa raiva nebasa panguva kundoita zvakanaka nzvimbo yepamusoro. Alexander Tovstonogov aishanda ari njanji injiniya uye aiva anoremekedzwa mushandi vokuGeorgia kushumira Railways.

Asi mai, kusiyana baba vake, aiva rokusika munhu muupenyu hwake hwose. Tamara Papitashvili aiva muimbi chaiye, izvo zviri pamutemo akasimbisa yake dhipuroma kubva St. Petersburg Conservatory. At George aiva munun'una Natela kuti ave mwana, uye kuti upenyu mukuru sezvo mudzimai mutambi Yevgeny Lebedev, aida chaizvo uye airemekedza munin'ina wake akamutarisira nguva dzose pakutanga, uye zvino sezvo amaiguru wevanakomana vake.

mubatanidzwa

Akura, George Tovstonogov, ane upenyu pachake haasi zhinji kwazvo, aida kusika mhuri imwe, uye chii chakanga iye, asi ichi chakanga zvakafanira kuwana shamwari akakodzera. Uye murume, kwakasarudzwa kubva pakutanga kuti mukadzi wake, akafanana pachake, nguva dzose aifanira kuva okusika. Somugumisiro, mudzimai wake wokutanga akanga ari mudzidzi wake theatre Salom Kancheli. The muchato kwakaitika muna 1943, asi mhuri ifare haana kugara kwenguva refu, muna 1945 vaviri kudare kuti kurambana. Asi kubatana Kancheli akabatanidzwa guru basa muupenyu Kumutungamiriri wokuimba muchato akamupa vanakomana vaviri - Nicholas uye Alexandra.

Muna 1958 Tovstonogov Georgiy Aleksandrovich akasarudza kuroora zvakare. Zvakare, chisarudzo chake akawira mutambi. Pamwe chete Innoy Kondratevoy murume akararama kwemakore 4 kwemakore uye zvakare vakakundikana kuchengeta mhuri - muchato yakanga zvazvichanyungudutswa 1962.

Kungofanana theatre unhu, Biography BDT azere inopenya nguva uye nyaya hwake, zvose somunhu uye hwokudhirowa. Uye kwaizova chinoshamisa kana Biography nomukuru mukuru haasisiri pasina kuenderera vana vake nevazukuru.

Mumakwara baba vake uye sekuru vakaenda Aleksandr Georgievich Tovstonogov uye mwanakomana wake Tovstonogov Georgiy Aleksandrovich Jr .. Vose akabatanidza upenyu hwavo zvaiitika uye akava anozivikanwa theatre wokuimba.

Uduku mutungamiriri

Sezvambotaurwa, George Tovstonogov akaberekerwa Tiflis. Kare, avo chete zera anoenda kuchikoro, uye pazera remakore 15 painoguma. Kunyange ipapo, vaduku chaizvo murume yemberi mukuru zvisingadzorwi pedyo yemitambo, apo sekuru vake kushanda. Asi mhuri, kunyanya baba, mwanakomana achisunda zvikuru neimwe nzira youpenyu. Kwete kuda nharo waunoziva, Tovstonogov anosvika Tbilisi Railway Institute, kwaakabereka dzakamiswa vachifara baba - musoro mumwe mano.

Asi iwe unogona sei kuita chinhu rinobvisa zvose simba uye kunounza mufaro? Kwete gore rapera, Tovstonogov ndabva Institute, uye muna 1931 vakaronga imwe mutambi uye mubatsiri Director muna Theater kuti Young People Tbilisi. Head patinosangana NY Marshak akati pakarepo kunorumbidzwa mano muduku mutambi, asi nokuti 1933 akapiwa Georgiyu Tovstonogovu kufanorongwa ake anoratidza yokutanga chaizvo kunzi "pfungwa" (maererano zvinobikwa Antona Pavlovicha chehova).

Kudzidza ari GITIS

Pashure kubudirira kuita yake wekambani mwenje uye tariro mberi rombo rakanaka. Muna 1933 akapinda GITIS, asi zera kuti kupinda kuna akatanga iri shoma, zvinoita yemberi mutambi mukuru kusimbisa magwaro avo, Kutaura pacharo 2 years. Akadzidzisa panguva yakakurumbira GITIS apo vatungamiriri nevadzidzisi yemitambo AM Lobanov uye AD Popov. Wakanyoresa muchikoro hope dzavo, Tovstonogov mashizha uye ravo rokutanga yemitambo, vakaisa kwaari netsoka dzake - Theater kuti Young People, nemhaka yemitambo zvakare uye kuratidza zvakare Mitambo itsva.

Muna 1937, pane chimwe chinhu chakaitika kuti vangadai akarota Tovstonogov chete zvikuru zvinotyisa rwaityisa - nokuda udzvanyiriri baba vake George Tovstonogov akanzi mwanakomana muvengi vanhu, saka pamwe chete kwemakore 4 GITISa Man kudzingwa. Pashure vakawanda musoro kuedza kudzokera chishamiso chaicho chakaitika ari kukandira mugadziriro. Uye vanova netsaona vakasiya mashoko Joseph Stalin, mutungamiri wavanhu iyoyo, "Mwanakomana baba kwete ari kuteerera." Somugumisiro, mutungamiriri ipfupi, uye iye sowakajeka anopedzisa GITIS.

Tanga aitungamirira basa

Muna 1938-1946 gg. Tovstonogov aishanda Tbilisi Drama Theater zita pashure AS Griboyedov. Mumakore iwayo chete, rinoti vanhu Artist of USSR A. Khorava unobvumira Georgy Alexandrovich kutora dzidziso imwe mapoka vatambi '. Kubvira muna BDT vari kutanga kuziva nyanzvi wekambani.

Moscow dzemitambo

Muna 1946, mutungamiriri anosiya ake chizvarwa Georgia uye anoedza kukunda mamiriro dzemitambo Russian. Tovstonogov paanosvika Moscow, apo anotora kutungamirira nenzira dzakawanda dzemitambo. Kushingaira uye kuramba kuvandudzika nzira ayo uye kushanda pamwe vatambi zvirongwa zvakakonzera kuti kubvira 1946 kusvika 1949 Tovstonogov Georgiy Aleksandrovich, ane upenyu pachake zvino mudzidziso nhoroondo dzakasiyana zvakafanana zvakanaka raitarisirwa dzemitambo zviviri - Central Children uye kuratidzwa zvinoitwa pamahofisi zvinhu sezvazviri.

Leningrad dzemitambo

Kubvira 1949, mutungamiriri rinopedza muguta guru tsika Russia - Leningrad, ikozvino St. Petersburg. Gore rino, akava mumwe vatungamiriri muna 1950 - mukuru mukuru Leningrad Theater of Lenin Koshanda. In yemitambo iyi Tovstonogov pakupedzisira unowana kumba: kushanda Mitambo uye zvesimba, achibatsira vatambi kuberekwazve, kuwedzera unyanzvi hwavo - izvi zvose akapa Georgy Alexandrovich zvikuru mufaro.

Nokuti basa ravo zvakanaka Tovstonogov paakavapa ari Stalin uye Lenin mibayiro, zvino mumwe nomumwe maitiro ake kudiwa kwete chete muna rimwe guta, asi munyika.

Mukutanga 1956 George Tovstonogov - Director tsamba guru - anokokwa kutungamirira Big Drama Theater (BDT etc.) Gorky. Kubva 1949 kusvika 1956 yemitambo achinja vatungamiri zvinenge zvina. Zvaireva chimwe chinhu: yemitambo vakarega basa pasina chinotungamirira munhu.

Big Drama Theater (BDT) kwavari. BDT

Nokuti 6 makore basa sezvo mukuru Leningrad Theater of Lenin Koshanda George Tovstonogov, upenyu pachake iyo zvino yakanga kugara kudzidzira, akakunda kuziva kwete chete veruzhinji, asiwo vamwe dzemitambo kuRussia, saka kuti ukuru hwake muna rimwe yakakurumbira dzemitambo munyika chete kwasimbisa kutsaura vanhu kwaari.

Kwete vachibvumirana pakarepo, mutungamiriri achiri ndokunanga Theater February 13, 1956. Zvaiva pachena kuti kuti vadzoke mamiriro ari BDT zvaidiwa okunyanyisa zvinoreva, uye Tovstonogov akavashandisa. On mirairo ake, akanga aisa kure kupfuura hafu nokuita troupe uye akakoka vatambi vatsva vakawanda. Upenyu yemitambo yakanga chipatapata zvakare, sapamazuva akare.

Mwaka yokutanga chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba itsva ina vakarwirwa, imwe neimwe yaiva noushamwari nevanhu veruzhinji. Zvishoma nezvishoma, mutungamiriri vakakwanisa kuzodzosera baya jekiseni kupinda chakakandirwa, yemitambo uye vateereri dzacho chimedu nechido, izvo zvagara zvinowanika muchimiro yemitambo nguva dzose. Asi izvi hazvina kumisa wekambani.

Sezvo Kumutungamiriri Theater Tovstonogov akashanda anenge 33 pagore - uye zvose gore vakawanda amutsa chinzvimbo chake mumaziso zvino kwete chete Russia asi yose. Somugumisiro, yemitambo, rwakazokura mhuri yake, abvuta zita rake: BDT pavo. BDT.

chakakodzera mutsivi

Ramba kumutungamiriri wacho aidanana mhando BDT akatora vaviri chete: mwanakomana wekambani uye muzukuru wake. Uye, chokwadi, chero chauri vakwira pfungwa kuenzanisa manyorero avo. Kana mwanakomana akasarudza mumwe zvishoma dissimilar werudzii, muzukuru, yakazara namesake George Alexandrovich, asingazivi, anoita zvinoshamisa rinotungamirirwa nezvinobvamo. Zvinosuruvarisa zvinogona rokutungamirira muzukuru mukuru BDT haana pachena. Muna 2012, sezvo jaya, George Tovstonogov Jr. akafa.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Kusvikira rufu rwake, George Tovstonogov vakananga yemitambo, akararama uye akafemera zvesimba uye nezvinobvamo.

May 23, 1989 muna BDT raizoitirwa kuratidzwa kwe mutambo mutsva. Director Chief yakatarwa zuva, uye akagara zvake motokari, akadzinga kumba ... Zvisinei, haana kuenda nemhuri. Mumotokari mumugwagwa akarega. George Tovstonogov, murume uyo akapedza upenyu hwake hwose pachikuva uye shure zvake muchivande vari kufara romumwe munhu, ane zvinhu zvinogona zvakawanda kuvhiringidzwa kudzura mugomba rakadzikadzika yokukanganwa ikozvino yemitambo huru, akafa pamusoro pachivara. Yakanga chete ndangariro refu naye sechinhu chinoshamisa munhu anorarama zvino uye vachararama nokusingaperi.