Dzinza rako mashiripiti Inogona mashiripiti masimba Garri Pottera kuti zvakanyorwa ake DNA?

Munyika yose "Harry Potter" mano zvemashiripiti zvigopiwa. Varoyi uye masvikiro aiva vabereki avo vaivawo masimba emashiripiti, uye vanasekuru. Asi, paiva kunze mutemo uyu. Somuenzaniso, Germiona Greyndzher akazvarwa peya Muggles (vanhu pasina masimba emashiripiti), uye muvakidzani mhiri mumba Harry Seamus Finnigan aiva mwanakomana-muggle baba uye Irish muroyi.

Asi dzimwe nguva varoyi uye masvikiro vakaroorana vane vana vasina masimba emashiripiti, iyo inonzi squib. Ndivo Somuenzaniso, aiona "Hogwarts" Argus Filch kana muvakidzani Harry Arabella Figg. Sezvaunogona kuona, vaiita ane mitemo nhaka, asi chii masero okutodza tsanangura nei vamwe vanozvarwa varoyi kana masvikiro, nepo vamwe havana masimba emashiripiti?

Hazvina mubvunzo uyu akasarudza kudzidza Eric Span - wapurofesa zvipenyu pa Duke University mu North Carolina, uko vakaita musangano nezvenyaya iyi.

recessive majini

Dzinza rako vanogona kupa mhinduro dzemibvunzo yakawanda munyika mashiripiti munyika "Harry Potter", uye kwete chete kuti atsanangure mashiripiti wemagamba ake. Somuenzaniso, bvudzi ruvara mhuri Weasley angatsanangurawo genetics. Red bvudzi kunokonzerwa nokuziva mutation iri MC1R Gene. Zvisinei, ichi chinhu recessive unhu, kureva chinoratidza pacharo chete panyaya apo mutation aripo mune zvose anoita DNA, iyo nhaka mwana. Sezvo Arthur uye Molli Uizli tsvuku, vana vavo nhaka makopi maviri majini mutation uye vakanga vaine tsvuku bvudzi.

Kunyange zvakadaro, mune rokupedzisira paitikira rokupedzisira firimu, "Harry Potter uye yomumvuri Hallows: Chikamu 2", tinoona kuti Lily - young mwanasikana Harry uye Ginny - yakatsvuka bvudzi, kunyange zvazvo vari murima, Harry. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Harry nhaka kopi mutation kubva mai vake, uyo aivawo tsvuku, uye akachipa mwanasikana wake. Pasinei nokuti Harry akanga nhaka kubva mai vake recessive Gene nokuda tsvuku bvudzi, akaberekwa aine rima bvudzi sezvo baba vake Jakobho haana mutation ichi. Saka recessive Gene akaratidza chete mwanasikana Harry uye Ginny.

zvakazara majini

Ko zvemashiripiti jini uyewo recessive, sezvakaitwa pamwe dzvuku bvudzi? Maererano zvaiva, Hagrid - forester mu "Hogwarts" - chinoratidza pachena kuti hazvisi. The King vasina masimba emashiripiti, uye Hagrid akaberekwa mumhuri amai hofori muuki baba. Saka, chete kopi mashiripiti kuti majini wabva baba kwaari, uye saka akanga chikuru, kwete recessive.

autosomal unhu

muenzaniso uyu sokuti kuti aitaura chokwadi kuti mashiripiti masimba chokuita ine Y-chromosome, kuti ndiwo mupfuhwira Gene anofanira vakapfuura vachibva yababa DNA (vakadzi vane mbiri X okutodza, nepo varume vane chimwe X uye Y- okutodza). Kunyange zvakadaro, Seamus Finnigan baba aiva Muggle uye amai vake vaiva muroyi, saka masimba ake mashiripiti hazvigoni kuparadzirwa kubudikidza Y-chromosome. Maererano Span anoita mano autosomal mashiripiti, kuti hakuna chokuita zvepabonde maitiro. Saka, tinogona kugumisa kuti vaiita jini autosomal uye kuzivikanwa.

Random mutation

Zvaizoratidza sokuti zvose nyore, asi kana mhuri anogona kuoneka Muggle masvikiro? Kana iri hukuru unhu, zvino apo akaita mashiripiti Hermione, nekuti iye akanga ari muroyi wokutanga mumhuri? Hermione muenzaniso magene mutation of Novo, iro rinowanika kokutanga nokuda nokuchinja zai kana urume, kana mukati embryo pashure muchangosangana. Uye ichi mhando mutation kwakajairika chaizvo muupenyu chaihwo.

anongoitika kunotouraya kwakadaro angatsanangurawo sei mhuri masvikiro maviri aizozvarwa ari squib. Kana vaiita Gene inoshanda zvakanaka, anosika imwe mhando mapuroteni. Phenotype, kana zvinoonekwa kunobva basa iri vari masimba emashiripiti. Asi kana une ichi Gene mutation (Span zvinganaka vanouti munhu mutation Squib), pane imwe mhando mapuroteni kuti alters vaiita Gene. Kana DNA mubereki anotakura kopi SQUIB mutation, zvinogona chokukuvadza mashiripiti mapuroteni kuchaita kuti kubvumira mwana mano mashiripiti.

Saizvozvowo, masayendisiti zvino anogona kuchinja majini dzemichero enhunzi, kureva kuchinja nhaka unhu zvavo, pane kwemajini zvemashiripiti, sematsananguriro Dr. Span.

Chii chinoratidza simba n'anga

Asi pane imwe mubvunzo: nei vamwe varoyi uye masvikiro vanoonekwa simba kupfuura dzimwe? tinogona kudana ichi nomumwe zvakasiyana mano mashiripiti? Uye kana kutsanangura genetics? Masayendisiti haana kutaura chaizvoizvo.

Fungidzira mwana ane vabereki vane "Basketball" kukura. Mwana achava nhaka, asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti kuchabudirira kutamba basketball. Saka, nhodzera hakuvimbisi imi unyanzvi hunoshamisa. The ruzivo uye simba Hermione, uyewo kukwanisa kutora Weasley haisi kunobva pachido genetics.

Pamugumo musangano rimwe vechikamu vakabvunza Dr. Span pane chii, yake mafungiro, weVadzidzisi Vedare kwaari aizotuma "Sorting Hat". "Nenguva 100% mu" Slytherin, "kana, sezvo ini vanouti," Management "," - akati Span.