Counterbattery chiteshi zvenguva refu uye avo anokwanisa

Nokuti kuziva miedzo muvengi vachiridzira nzvimbo inoshandiswa counterbattery radar chechitima. Uchibatsirwa wavo, pave notch uye kuziva Coordonatele nomuvengi mabhatiri, zvombo uye kuwana nzvimbo kururamiswa kwepfuti pachake atirari. Nheyo kushanda kuti asarudze atirari anoshongwa panguva kutanga pavaipfuura kutiza, resection anoverengeka zvatinopiwa zvombo kana mumigodhi kuziva trajectory. Kuongorora zviri chinhu chakakombama uye kubudiswa humboo achibvumira kuti ngaaverenge kugadzwa nzvimbo muvengi vachiridzira pfungwa uye kutsanangura chinangwa kuparadzwa mumusasa yavo.

Resection kupfura muvengi pfungwa dziri tarisa kushandisa danda nzvimbo pamusoro mujengachenga, pova chipingamupinyi. Vadzoka chiratidzo yemapurisa counterbattery poslezhivaet kufamba nhovo huru mukati nguva kuti zvionekwe chaiyo trajectory pakati nhare. Nokuenzanisa vakawana Coordonatele uye trajectory kuisa nzvimbo vanogamuchira pfungwa atirari projectile Falls. The mhando projectile caliber uye zita moto chechitima chiri kuchinja dzakaonekwa, iyo yakati hukuru kukundwa pfungwa simba rayo uye matochi ndiye anenge kupatsanura guru kutyisidzira.

Mazuva ezvinhu counterbattery chiteshi guru siyana wokukundwa ari siyana 2-4.5 uye 10-121 Hz. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kufuratira dhaka vachiridzira pana chinhambwe makiromita 30, atirari nzvimbo kure 50 makiromita, uye chombo launchers dzinogona kurondwa kuti 80 makiromita.

Ndizvo chikamu chechitima?

Radar iri akashongedzerwa kushanda ezvinhu yehondo:

• kanyanga hurongwa;
• midziyo nokuti kugadzira vakagamuchira mashoko;
• midziyo pakugamuchira uye kuparadzira anonongedzera;
• zano kuparadzira mashoko;
• mains zvitengeswa.

Radar antennas vari counterbattery anomiririra planar phased kuko kanyanga (PAR) kuti rectangular chimiro. Kushanda pakuvheneka Erekitironi matanda kunoitika, chikamu chayo rakawedzerwa 90º. The namaapuro phased siyana nokuda kuona zvivanakire kwakasiyana-siyana akatasva muhombe papuratifomu kuita.

Kunofambidzana mano kushanda pamwe ruzivo uye uchenjeri inoiswa yakakura midziyo kuti anoiswa mavhiri kana Makwara anozvipira kwemotokari. Kutakura kunoita kuti kutakura matani anopfuura mashanu. Kuti uvandudze kunyatsoshanda zvinomera mumunda tichingotarisira upgrading pavo, kuti ndiye kukura uye nokushandisa yemhando zimbabwe in ari onboard kombiyuta.

The rinokosha reDare pakatanga modular mari itsva uye Implementation akarurama hurongwa panotaurwa kuti mamiriro enzvimbo. The Newest Hurongwa achibvumira onboard wekushandisa panguva kwemahofisi kuona nzvimbo yavo munzvimbo uye dzokuMabvazuva kuti kanyanga kuona muvengi vachiridzira pfungwa nepfungwa yakarurama.

Advantages njere dzemapurisa

Counterbattery dzemapurisa yakagadzirirwa uye basa kuti anyatsobudirira kuroorana mumunda uye vane yakanaka inoverengeka zvinhu kuti kubvumira kuti vave nzvimbo iyi:

• Vane Mobile chokufambisa mudziyo nokuda radar ushori;
• nhepfenyuro vanokwanisa kuona nzvimbo huru pamusoro refu vari dungwerungwe;
• unganidza mashoko ari muvengi vachiridzira pfungwa kunyatsoreva chaizvo munguva chaiyo;
• It anoshanda pasina okunze uye nguva;
• It rinoratidza mukuru akagadzirira chero chikamu zuva.

Kunyange kana muvengi anogona kuona counterbattery chiteshi nechokure runopfuura siyana ubanguranyika mano pachavo, zvazvakanakira ataurwa kupa feasibility kuti kuvashandisa kuona muvengi vachiridzira pfungwa, kureva reactive salvo mugadziriro atirari uye dhaka.

Counter-bhatiri Radar "Zoo-1"

Counterbattery chiteshi Russian radar hurongwa rinoratidza Grau 1L219M, anotaurwa so "Zoo-1." Launchers chiteshi anoita nzvimbo tactical ushori zvombo, Anti ndege mugadziriro, chombo nzvimbo uye atirari pfuti emplacements, dhaka nzvimbo kugadzwa MRL mupikisi. Mukuwedzera, chiteshi vashandi anoti kutiza nzira muvengi mhenyu zvombo, zvombo, uye inobatsira kuchinja mirayiridzo uye kuwanda pachavo pfuti dzavo, kudzora airspace ari nzvimbo yakapiwa, kuongorora unmanned namano.

nyaya

Tanga afunge redhiyo ataure Zviteshi counterbattery "Zoo" aiswe eighties wekupedzisira remakore kutsiva ano Radar hurongwa ARC-1, akakudziridza gumi adarika. Akaisa kugadzwa idzva pahwaro ari tarakita, sezvo vasati kushandisa ARC, izvo anovapa nechitarisiko kufanana. Two "Iskra" Research Institute uye "Strela" akasika ichangoburwa kugadzwa. Pashure kuparadzwa Union, masangano aya akawana pachavo kumativi akasiyana wenyika.

"Iskra" boka akaramba basa rayo muUkraine pamusoro mazuvaano uye pakusika kunzwisisa "Zoo-2" pasi chiratidzo 1L 220 L, kupfeka mumwe chassis uye mano okuona atambudzwe pamusoro refu trajectory nezvishoma bandwidth noruzhinji. Tula Research Institute upgraded kugadzwa "Zoo-1" Kuvandudzwa kukurukurirana uye kunatsurudza chirongwa.

Kokutanga ane yepamusoro chiteshi yakabudiswa muna 2002, pabvunzo kuhondo chikwata zvivako zvakave muna 2004. Miedzo yakaguma mumakore mana uye muna 2008 vakaiswa kupinda pabasa neuto Russian. Pari, imwe atirari bhatiri yenjere Kutarisira uye hazvo inosanganisira radar hurongwa.

General ruzivo nezve "Zoo-1" chiteshi

Counterbattery Tracking yeredhiyo panguva kudzora moto 75 muAtlantic atirari nzvimbo uye anopa mashoko pamusoro nzvimbo yavo mukati rokutanga 15-20 masekonzi mushure vapfurwa. The kunzwisisa achabatsirwa kusvika 12 projectiles vari kutiza, apo kutaura kudzora pfungwa iri paindaneti chimiro. The chiteshi anotaura muvengi vachiridzira pfungwa:

• mumaturi caliber kusvika 120 mm ari chinhambwe 22 km;
• pfuti kune 155 mm - kusvika 20 km;
• MRL caliber kusvika 240 mm - kusvika 35? Km;
• nzvimbo tactical zvombo - kusvika 40? km.

Station counterbattery aidzora kutiza kubva unmanned zvemuchadenga motokari , uye anodzora kufamba dzimwe mhepo michina pasango maonero. The kunzwisisa chinowanikwa kwete nokukurumidza, sezvazvakanyorwa zvinodiwa resection nezvinangwa nguva pfupi nemwaranzi.

Nokuti chinangwa ichi, kuti bhatiri magadzirirwo anoshandisa zvokuridzira pfupi-rokuti kugadzirisa aivapo frequencies uye kubviswa redhiyo chipingaidzo, mukusiyana kuchiteshi counterbattery American akagadzirwa ruzha haina kubviswa nokungwarira. Vashandi mukati pachiteshi runochengetedzwa nadzo dzinobva mabara shrapnel.

Ndizvo chikamu zvakaoma "Zoo-1"?

Installation iri warrior yakawana tarakita MT-LBU dzakakwirira motokari. At chawo dziri:

• radar mudziyo;
• basa raiva pedyo nebundu;
• kugadzira Mbuva uye kutendeuka pamusoro motokari Ural;
• neminhenga Mobile simba kusvika 30 KW;
• zvionera wezwi mano mumunda.

Technical Zvinoitwa Russian radar yemapurisa

Shandisa counterbattery chiteshi mapikicha kukurukurwa pazasi, zviri nyore, sezvo unhu vanogona kumhanya zvinobudirira pamberi-mutsetse nzvimbo:

• vashandi, pasina kusiya motokari, anochinja panhepfenyuro kwemaminitsi mashanu;
• Bato iri amakavaitira kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza 60 makiromita paawa;
• akawana mvura zvipingamupinyi akunde yakaoma kushambira;
• Crawler tarakita Anomhanyira chero mugwagwa;
• azere akazara tangi kunoita kutyaira 500 km pasina huni chirungiso;
• chiteshi ari kushanda munzvimbo dzine makomo kusvika 3 zviuru metres pamusoro pegungwa .;
• panguva zvizere mashandiro hakumbokanganisi kunonaya, guruva nehova uye gusts mhepo simba;
• panze tembiricha siyana kubva - 47 kusvika + 50 ° C;
• nyore kutakura mhando dzose panyika, mhepo uye mvura zvifambiso;
• Inopa zvoga kuzvidzora uye yakazvimirira magetsi zvitengeswa;
• vashandi achishanda hwomutambarakede ezvinhu;
• zvoga richiona of uchishandisa mamiriro uye kukuvara kunogona kukurumidza kutungamirira yakaoma operative.

Complex AN / TPQ-36

Station counterbattery TPQ-36 rakagadzirwa ne US zvechiuto uye kudzivirira Makambani kuziva nzvimbo muvengi dhaka zvinzvimbo, atirari pfuti uye chitundumuseremusere launchers. Complex mano akaisa pamusoro mujinga motokari "Hammer" wakati kunowedzera permeability marudzi ose migwagwa. Mabasa ane vashandi zvina basa chechitima.

Complex kuzvidzora Radar AN / TPQ-37

munzira dzakawanda afanane bhatiri counterbattery yemapurisa TPQ-36, asi mano dziri muna shanu-savi tarakita yokuzvigadzirisa zviri kunzwisisa kunoda 6 kusvika 8 vanodzima. The nemamiriro bhatiri vanopinda zvakazara zvoga nzvimbo achishanda ari opareta, iyo monitors vanenge 100 muvengi huru pamusoro wemagetsi mepu. At nhepfenyuro muna 2012 akapedza chokupedzisira chokutambudzika kuvandudzwa, izvo akabvumira kuti riwedzere kushandisa kwavo muna US Army kusvikira 2020. Mazuvaano akabata kuzvidzora, navigation, ekombiyuta kunge akagadziridzwa, vakawedzera chokupika makombiyuta mune zvakaoma.

Counter-bhatiri radar AN / TPQ-53

chiteshi mutsva uyu zvishoma nezvishoma kutsiva yekare yemapurisa counterbattery US ivhu. New zvivako zvakawanda Mobile ari nekutumirwa kwemauto, provisioning, ivo vanoziva muvengi vachiridzira pfungwa kure 60 km kubva Positioning System kwapfuura wandei kuvandudza. Jenareta Diesel mhando, riri pamusoro turera inopa vashandi zvina magetsi inodiwa kuti kushanda.

basa worunhare wacho anoitwa pamakombiyuta maviri, mumwe riri muna Hardware mukamuri, umwe vakapakata mberi motokari pamwe kanyanga papurazi. Zvinokwanisika kudzora mano kubva chinhambwe 1 km paredhiyo mutsetse. Kutamisira yemapurisa kushandisa kurwa nzvimbo chitakuriso ndege mhando C-17. Izvi counterbattery US pazviteshi, mapikicha izvo unogona kuona pamufananidzo, ichatsiva aivapo post-2020.

Kuwana inotakurika chiteshi AN / TPQ-48 / -49

The US Army Battery akasvika muna 2000, yakanga yakagadzirwa anorenda mbiri mapoka yesayenzi uye zvechiuto. Chinangwa urongwa raiva kudzivirira expeditionary mauto, kutamira kune imwe inotaura nenzira dhaka moto uye chitundumuseremusere-propelled ruchibhururuka zvombo. Vachishingaira kushandiswa muhondo kuvhiyiwa kuMiddle East. Multiple zviitiko muchimiro rubatsiro rechiuto zvikapiwa uto Ukrainian.

The kunzwisisa zvinosanganisira:

• zano nokuda kugamuchira uye kuparadzira antennas akashongedzerwa;
• digitaalinen kugadzira chikwata waveforms;
• kombiyuta duku kwemavara;
• Mobile simba mabviro.

Akatakura chiteshi yakanyikwa woiswa chaiwo masutukezi mbiri, zvifambiswe nyore zvaitwa motokari.

nechiva Radar

Kukura radar michina tora rakapiwa muna 1998, bhatiri riri mubasa romumunda zvikwata muGermany, Turkey, England, France uye Emirates. Technical date chiteshi anogona kuona imwe chete anoshanda nguva anopfuura zana zvinangwa vakapararira pasi. Pashure 2020 NATO hondo vachawana mabhatiri matsva ane refu tsanangudzo muvengi vachiridzira pfungwa uye kwakawedzera Kufambisa mukati pachavo kurwisa dzavo.

midziyo All basa riri vakaungana mubhokisi mureza. mugaba masvingo akagadzirwa zvokuvakisa kudzivirira pamusoro splinters kupfura. The kanyanga kuchikuva rotates iri kana divi, kana vakatakura akapeta yakabatana isiri. Electronic map nzvimbo zvinoratidzwa maviri akafanana PC sefa vane kusiyanisa mashoko pamusoro nzvimbo pfungwa. Kushanda pachiteshi maviri chete dzaishandisa. The waivako zviratidzi Cobra radar:

• Atirari siyana zvinobudirira vasabatwa ndiyo 20 km;
• zvombo vanyatsoona jeti ari chinhambwe 50 km;
• chiteshi ari kushanda ari uchishandisa siyana 4-8 GHz;
• ari azimuth angled pamusoro 270º;
• batanidza kukarukureta Kururama mukati zvinobva 0.35 kusvika 0.5% siyana;
• installation ari kushanda chinzvimbo uye coagulation nokuda dislocation anenge 5 maminitsi;
• kuti vaite mabasa dzaishandisa nemauto maviri chete.

Station counterbattery Arthur

Kukura Mobile shanduro radar chaiitirwa vaviri kutungamirira mapoka neuto muSweden uye Norway. The zvichiguma vana rine mazhinji zvinhu uye rinopa vasabatwa mwero iri hwaiitwa 180 600 madhigirii muzana wechipiri. midziyo chiteshi anonyatsorayiridzwa kudzivirirwa kubva zvombo protivolokatsionnogo chiito sezvo diagrammatic danda Zara pazasi kureba vosimba catchers. Nokuti kuziva miedzo kubaya chechitima zvakakwana zvinosanganisira nemwaranzi kwemaminitsi mashoma.

Sweden anoenderera kutsvakurudza uye kubudirira kusika motokari munzvimbo ine yemhando grids. Station kuwanikwa kuburikidza tsvakurudzo, kuwedzera uwandu mashandiro, utariri zvakazara zvoga. Mumwe radars izvi zvinosanganisira Giraffe, simba rwuchiwanzwa kaviri, pachiteshi inocherechedza vakawandisa kurwisa.

Battery upenyu X-boka kuti pave chati ane muzvizhinji kuti matanda uye shandisa scan nzvimbo, kundosvikazve pakona zviri azimuth sectors 270 uye 70º. Zviri denderedzwa pane papuratifomu kutenderera. The chiteshi unoshanda pane chinhambwe 50 km. By hondo chaanopa inokurudzirwa kutamira kusvika 2018 mimwe kunyika aifarira weEngland, Germany uye United States.

Mukugumisa, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ruvengo yemapurisa counterbattery kuratidza yakavimbika kushanda uye mabasa ose mabasa manzi kwavari. Pashure 2020 achitora kupinda basa modernized gadziriro kuchaita kuti uwane chaizvo uye zvakarurama kuona nzvimbo muvengi vachiridzira pfungwa, panguva iyoyo vasabatwa kure anova refu, izvo zvichaita tiwedzere pakaunda-bhatiri kurwisana.