Concrete hydraulic GOST, mamiriro, unhu, zvivako, kushanda

For zvivako uye ezvirevo vari kuonana kuti kunosiyana madhigirii nemvura kunoda zvinhu chaiyo inogona kukunda kungatikanganisa zvinokonzerwa nemvura svikiro. Nokuti kuvakwa ezvinhu akadaro kushandisa kongiri hydraulic mapurani. Ane ose anodiwa zviri kuti dzakachengeteka mudzimu kuvakwa zvivako.

tsananguro

Concrete hydraulic ndohwaJehovha muchikwata che rinorema, zviri kushandiswa kuvaka embankments, mazambuko nezvimwe zvivako, zvivako zviri dzimwe nguva chikamu kana kunyudzwa zvachose mumvura, kana kuva kuonana nayo.

A chepfungwa acho kukwanisa kwayo kuramba ayo kutanga unhu ezvinhu hasha kwezvakatipoteredza pasina mukuderedza unhu uye mano mutakuri maatomu akafanana. Vamwe mabasa akadai simba, ari vozdnoy svikiro kunowedzera vane nguva apo kuramba kuvimbika uye nemamiriro ibwe.

kupatsanura

Pane imwe akagadzirwa zvinodiwa kuti vakasangana nevanhu kongiri hydraulic mapurani. GOST 26633-2012 "Concrete nesimba uye yakanaka-grained. Magadzirirwo "anoita kunaka musanganiswa zvinoriumba uye zvivako yenhengo yacho yapera zvichachipedza. Gwaro iri munyika hunhu, zvaitora 8 nyika.

Maererano GOST, kongiri hydraulic rakakamurwa mapoka akawanda maererano mwero kunyudzwa dzokuteerera uye aqueous svikiro:

1. Overwater.
2. Pasi pemvura.
3. Nokuti asiri wechigarire mvura pamwero.

On Vhoriyamu zvinhu vanowanika mazano akakamurwa:

1. Wandisa - maumbirwo yakaoma uye makuru muchitokisi hukuru, achiperekedzwa gogonera nokuomesa nefivha.
2. Nonmassive - nyore kugadzira pamwe miganhu diki.

Sezvo simba chiito pamusoro vakaomesa chinhu:

1. Nokuti kumanikidzwa hurongwa.
2. Vasiri kumanikidzwa zvinhu.

Zvimwe kupatsanura vanoparadzaniswa nzvimbo kongiri mafomu:

1. For munyika hurongwa (vari zvishoma kuita leaching, mvura kufurirwa, asi anofanira vanozvidzivirira kunofambira mberi chokupfeka).
2. For kwokunze zvinhu uye hukawanika (mvura vakadaro vari kukanganiswa yezviri kufamba uye asiri wechigarire namakemikari kumashure).

Zvinoumba masanganiswa

The mhinduro inofanira kusangana zvaidiwa GOST kuti ibwe yakakwana zvakaoma, simba uye kuchengeteka. Unhu kuzvidzora muri zvinoriumba zvose kuti hydraulic kongiri. Zvinoumba musanganiswa:

1. The chikuru chinoumba - munhu bhainda. For husingakwanisi vanotyaira mvura kushanda uchishandisa sulphate nemishonga simende. For AC chechetere kunyudza tora hydrophobic kana kwebasa rinofanira plasticizing yokuvirisa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pozzolan, gang kana Portland simende.
2. Fine uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. - jecha Goldstone, izvozvo inowedzera nemishonga nekongiri kuti mvura. Hazvifaniri kuva kudzika tsvina nemarara - mumamiriro ezvinhu nyoro kutendeukira kunogona yekudyidzana zinyekenyeke acho.
3. Zvinonyadzisa uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. - mavhu nowakapwanyika ibwe sedimentary uye igneous matombo. Izvi zvikuru hydrophobic, chando. Bato mabwe kunobva hwokugadzira unhu nekongiri dhaka vanofanira kushanda pasi chaicho ezvinhu. Form filler kunofanira hombe uye convex flakiness marara kana mavhu ane simba ezasi.
4. Yokuvirisa - improvers ehupfumi chemhinduro. Ivo kuwedzera kuramba tembiricha anoshandura ibwe, mvura hasha zvinofurira, kuderedza kupisa sezvo zvakakodzera, kutadzisa chimiro makatsemuka.

The ehupfumi yenhengo zvose uye dzavo parameters, chaiyo Pfungwa iri mhinduro yakanyorwa vanoti 3 GOST 26633-2012. Compliance zvinofanira kuitwa pamusoro chero firimu, vakagadzirira kunovhengana anogamuchira gwaro maererano.

rwokugadzira unhu

The acho ane muzvizhinji kwazvakaita. Vari kusiyaniswa sezvamunoita dzavo uye zvivako, izvo zvinofanira obladat kongiri hydraulic mapurani. Technical zvatariswa kuvimba zvizivikanwe uye mhando mamiriro. The kukoshesa simba compressive, flexural axial ndichinanavira, kutonhora nemishonga uye hydrophobicity. The kushanda Kugadzirisa anosarudzwa muzvizhinji kuti mashoko rates, sezvo ehupfumi neimwe batch mangé anogona siyana, izvo zvisingagamuchiriki kuti zvinhu kupiwa.

simba

Wokutanga uye chinhu chinokosha - kukosha compression nemishonga, sezvo zvivako vakawanda vari kusangana simba wehunyambiri mutoro kubva Vhoriyamu chivakwa kumusoro.

simba Concrete akanga pakutsvaga bvunzo kuutio chizvarwa uye vachiongorora nayo zvaoma. The kumumvuri wakachengetwa pakati 28 uye 180 kwemazuva akamurapa. Kana hydraulic mifananidzo kuutio yaiswamo mvura pamusoro koukukutu nguva.

Miedzo kunze nokupesvedzera mukupikisa cracking walnut.

Maererano nokumwe kuongorora kubva chesamende kirasi Award V3,5 kuna B60. The emhando dzakawanda zvinowanzovapo B10-B40.

simba Tensile uye flexural

Design chisingazivi kukanganisa hunyambiri mutoro, vari pasi dzimwe zvinofurira - axial kusawirirana uye vachikotama. Kuti tinzwisise kuti kongiri huchadzivisa kugozha akadaro, riri zvazvakaipira murabhoritari. Mark tensile simba - Bt0,4 ... 4,0.

impermeability

Kutsunga murabhoritari pamusoro mijenya-mimwe vezera, mumutsetse wokutanga. Musimboti Muedzo ndiko kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera mvura kumanikidzirwa yaro seepage kuburikidza chesamende muviri. Maererano mugumisiro dombo ravakapiwa muchiso mvura W2-20.

For kungatikanganisa yomugungwa ezvinhu, vachishandisa mukuru-kumanikidzwa hydraulic ouinjiniya kongiri haidereri pane W4.

chando-musimbwa

In ezvinhu soro mwando chinotarisa tembiricha kuchinja kukwanisa kudurura mvura. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, kuwedzera nemvura crystallizes uye anoita kuvadza zvokuvakisa, umo akakwanisa munhumbi. Kuti izvi zvisaitike vakuru chivako chiri mhinduro iri kugadzirwa hydraulic kuwedzera anokosha yokuvirisa uye plasticizers kuti vawedzere nemishonga nekongiri kuti zvigare.

Brand chando F chinoratidza mangani Zvinonzi nechando uye thawing kwakakwana angakudzivisai kongiri muenzaniso nokurasikirwa simba haasi kupfuura 15%. To musanganiswa hydraulic okugadzira miedzo kuitwa muchidziisa mvura uye kutendeukira kupinda chando.

Maererano ongororo hydrophobic kongiri maka chando akagoverwa F50-300.

improvers masanganiswa

Tensile ehupfumi, mvura kuzvidzivirira uye chando kuramba akarara danho nokusanganisa nemhinduro pamusoro chirimwa. Special ehupfumi takatsunga ne hydraulic kongiri munyu chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana uye anoumbwa nevazhinji yeimwe.

Yokuvirisa modifiers akakamurwa 2 mapoka.

Group I kunoderedza Absorção de Água kusvika 5 kakapetwa wava chirongwa kurapa mazuva 28. Pakati kushandiswa zvikuru:

• Feniletoksisiloksan 113-63 (kare Fes-50).
• AMCP-3 (Russia) yavaibvisa Alyumometilsilikonat.
• "Rukoko" (Russia).
• Gidrobeton (EU).
• Addiment DM 2 (Germany).
• Liga Natriumoleat 90 (Russia).
• Sikagard-702 W-Aquahod (Switzerland).

Zvishoma simba boka II (rutapudzo kusvika 2-4,8 times). Chikumbiro Its zvinogoneka nokusanganisa pose kongiri:

• Polyhydrosiloxanes 136-157M (aimbova GCJ-94M) uye 136-41 (aimbova GCJ-94).
• "Divisional zvakare C."
• Stavinor Zn Eu Stavinor Ca PSE.
• HIDROFOB E (Slovenia).
• Cementol E (Slovenia).
• Sikalite (Switzerland).
• Sikagard-700S (Switzerland).

Group III haafaniri zvinoshanda pakusika hydraulic kongiri. The yokuvirisa kuderedza Absorção de Água kusvika 2 nguva.

zvimwe zvivako

Pakusarudza kushanda kunovhengana kufunga kwete chete huru unhu hydraulic kongiri, asiwo vamwe parameters:

• Huwandu shrinkage.
• Kupikiswa deformation.
• The dhigirii kurwisa mvura kuyerera uye pombi kufurirwa.

Hapana chete yokuwana nayo hydraulic kongiri: neimwe nyaya, kufungawo makemikari anoumba mvura, uwandu kufurirwa nevamwe zvinorema. Maererano fillers uye yokuvirisa zvinoshandiswa, hunogona kuunza yakavimbika kushanda ibwe ramangwana.

kunyoresa

Kuisa mhinduro pasi mvura Dam - zviri basa uye nyore. It dzakadururwa yakawanda kuitira kudzivisa gogonera nokuomesa uye Kuparara. Nokuda hunhu nokuisa muviri solidifying zvakagadzirwa chafariz zvinetso kuitika uye kusiyana kuti zvinoda kugadziriswa. Kuti tidzivise overheating uye vakurumidze deformation pamusoro pezvakaita, plasticizers vari kuwedzera mhinduro, uye mhando chaidzo simende:

• Pozzolan.
• Gang.
• The hydrophobic.

Nokuti kuvakwa pemvura hurongwa vaishandisa kongiri hydraulic mapurani. Kushandiswa Its kwakapararira:

• Mabhiriji, avo rutsigiro pematanda ehwaro.
• Urongwa muedzo embankments uye pamahombekombe masvingo zvengarava.

• Madziva nembiya dzavo uye rakapoteredza.
• Masvingo manholes uye miseve.
• Subway tunnels.
• Technical zvivako: madhamu, Hydroelectric simba dzemapurisa, breakwaters.

Muzera hydraulic kongiri yakaderera mavanga zvinoshandiswa kuzadza yepasi rurefu azvipire pasi kana nouchapupu donhwe munguva utsotso chando uye madzvotsvotsvo.