Chokwadi serum: History uye kushandisa

Mukupera rechi18 forensics vakatanga kushandisa shoko rokuti "chokwadi serum." Italian vaongorori vanofungidzira Monteggiya wokutanga akaita chinodhaka jekiseni kwaari "nekusarega" mutauro uye akaisa mashoko ose kuti vaifarira vatevedzere mutemo. zvinobva uchapupu hwevanhu chokwadi muna madenderedzwa sayenzi pasi pokudzora zvakasiyana siyana makemikari anonzi narkoanalizom. nzira iyi, uyewo hypnosis rinowanzoshandiswa zviitiko apo interviewee mumwe chikonzero kana mumwe havagoni kuyeuka chero zviitiko ichifarirwa kuferefeta.

Kare 20s remakore rapfuura, Dr. E. Texas House tsvakurudzo pamusoro pokushandiswa scopolamine ( "chokwadi serum") mu kwemhosva. Chiremba aiti nzira dzake kuhwina zvisamumirira, pasi zvimwe zvirwere. House vakandiudza kuti vanokwanisa kusvina kubva nyaya dzose dzinonakidza mashoko. Chiremba aiva nechokwadi chokuti scopolamine "bongozozo" mutauro upi nomumwe, uye nzira akava sezvo aiva sezvo fingerprinting minwe.

Gare gare vakawana kuti mamwe matsotsi anogona nhema kunyange pasi yokutindivadza, uye vanhu vanopa uchapupu chokwadi, dzimwe nguva kuvhiringidzika, apo mune mamiriro ichi. Zvisinei, kuti musi narkoanaliz mu forensic sayenzi rinoshandiswa chaizvo kashoma, panewo zvimwe kuti "chokwadi serum" zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa pachinhu vakasindimara vemhosva.

Vakabvunzurudzwa inogona chinokosha mashoko naro dzendege ichanyanya kwayo kuita nenzira rairo kuferefeta. Maererano nomurayiro kunyika dzokuMadokero, narkoanaliz yakaitwa muchipatara zvokurapa. Asati achiita nzira iyi, vakaumba kushanda boka, zvinosanganisira anesthesiologist, vanachiremba vepfungwa, vamiririri kudzivirirwa uye kusunga, vatongi, vanachiremba, masayendisiti experimental, nyanzvi mune dzimwe mutauro, vaongorori.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chinhu chinodiwa kuti psychoanalysis chinhu nesayenzi utility uye zvinhu sezvazviri, nokuziva mashoko zvazvingava, uyewo zviri ndiani fungira. Nyanzvi vanoti nzira iri yakachengeteka utano, asi chokwadi nguva dzose kwakabatana. zvinodhaka zvose kuti anoshandiswa narkoanaliza kureva barbiturate boka. nevasori aya akapiwa nomutsinga. Tinogona kutaura kuti yavaibvisa amobarbital, skopalamin uye yavaibvisa pentothal - "chokwadi serum", iro rinoshandiswa kuwana uchapupu chokwadi.

Kana raitongwa zvinodhaka izvi unomuka rubvunzavaeni mamiriro, iro dzimwe nguva inonzi "Semi-kuziva". Panyaya iyi, murwere adzima "kuongororerwa pfungwa", Akasunungura wechokwadi, kunzwa kwakadzama.

Pashure kwokubatsira zvinodhaka nehurukuro yokutanga vanofungidzirwa pamusoro kwazvakarerekera nyaya dzisina chokuita mhosva. kuverengwa All akanyorwa. Pashure yokutindivadza anopiwa kuti fungira firimu, iro rine zvose uchapupu hwake. Professional kubvunzurudzwa anobatsira vaongorori kuti mashoko ari nepakuchena kana mhosva fungira.

"Chokwadi serum" sezvo kugadzirwa muSoviet mabasa muchivande. Ndikati kuti vanhu vedu zvikuru kubudirira kukurira basa. Kunyange munguva Second World War ari zvombo zviri NKVD akanga akasiyana nzira, iyo akaratidza unonyaradza marwadzo, tonic, soporific uye tranquilizing kushanda.

Masayendisiti kuramba kutsvaga "pravdogonnye" zvinodhaka. Munguva forties, nyanzvi nechido nokudzidza mescaline. The rokuremekedza remubatanidzwa rinoreva boka zvinodhaka kuti zvinobviswa Mexican mukonde. Experimentally akaratidza kuti pasi pokudzora mescaline "dzakasunungurwa" uye mutauro zvichapfuura zvachose. Zvisinei, anotora renguva pfupi.

American criminologists kuti chinangwa ichi akaedza mbanje. The kuedza havana kubudirira. Papera chinguva, vokuAmerica vakati kuti zvinodhaka LSD - ". Chokwadi serum" Said zvinoreva kuti pave kutonetsa pamba, nekuti kunyange nhasi chaizvo hapana anogona kutaura chii chinhu chinodhaka ichi. The doro ave akadaro mupurisa.