Chii ndozvakanga yendarama nesirivha

Nesirivha, kuti vanhu vekare vaishandisa kugadzira zvishongo pachavo chaizvo nyoro simbi. Saka, mumwe anoita chiwanikwa, izvo akawedzera kune dzimwe simbi, inonzi ligature. Kuti alloys dzakadaro kuziva chaiwo anokosha simbi kugutsikana, achishandisa muenzaniso yendarama nesirivha, izvo zvinoratidza kugutsikana kwavo chiwanikwa zvishongo.

Kokutanga ari zvishongo mimwe goridhe nesirivha vakatanga kuisa mukati XV remakore. MuRussia, ari branding mishonga zvendarama zvakanga akatanga muna 1700, uye sirivha kunyange adarika - muna 1613. Izvi vaipa kunaka zvishongo. Mune Russian Federation, Somuenzaniso, branding chakaitwa anokosha nesimbi zvigadzirwa rinoitwa munhu akaidza Office, Kunyepa mamiriro mimwe goridhe nesirivha zvigadzirwa ndiyo apara mhosva. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nyika, hurumende kudzora pamusoro unhu zvishongo alloys iri zvachose vasipo, uye branding kwezvishongo chinoitwa kuti mugadziri.

Pari zvino pane zvinhu zvitatu enyika munyika goridhe mharidzo uye sirivha - ichi arşive, carat uye vangapiwa. Kana arşive hurongwa mharidzo iyi inoratidza nhamba zvezvimedu anokosha simbi, izvo zviri muzvikamu 1000 kubva chiwanikwa. Kana yemasiraidhi vharuvhu gadziriro sezvo chikuru matanho vaishandisa paundi zvinosanganisira 96 spools. Kana carat kuyerwa hurongwa rinokosha nesimbi zviri chiwanikwa kunotemwa pachishandiswa kuti imwe chairema uremu yakakamurwa 24 carats.

Huwandu yokuvirisa zvazvinoita mharidzo, uye kushandiswa yokuvirisa akasiyana angabudiswa alloys pamwe zvakafanorongwa ehupfumi, zvakadai zvakakodzera simba uye ruvara inokosha zvinhu. Saka, muna kugadzirwa zvishongo tiri ivhu siyana zvinokosha nesimbi, zvichienderana yavo chinangwa. Naizvozvo, zvakaoma kupindura zvinonyatsoteerera, chii mharidzo goridhe nani. Kazhinji, inonyanya mharidzo vane mhete yegoridhe muchato, asi zvenzeve uye ngetani haagoni kuita nzwisa goridhe kwakadaro, sezvo vachifanira kuva yakasimba.

MuRussia, kwakunoitwa vaifungidzira ivhu shanu zvishongo alloys ndarama - 375, 500, 585, 750, uye 958. The mharidzo 375 anogadzirwa pachishandiswa sechinhu ligature yemhangura uye sirivha, zvichienderana ine range kubva tsvuku kune tsvuku. Kubva zvinhu izvi kuti 500 mharidzo. The 585 yokuenzanisira yave mberi akawedzera nickel uye palladium, kupa chiwanikwa kuti zvinowanzoshandiswa kugadzirwa zvishongo. The chikuru chiwanikwa kuwedzererwa zviri zvendarama 750 vari nemhangura, sirivha, nickel uye palladium, asi ivo vachiri akawedzera Platinum. chiwanikwa ichi ane siyana mavara kubva tsvuku kuti girini kuburikidza yakajeka yeyero ruvara. Kunze chishongo firimu, izvozvo rinowanzoshandiswa pamwe muzviruva basa. Chiwanikwa 958 goridhe yokuenzanisira haina kushandiswa kakawanda nokuti hazvisi zvakakwana nesimba uye asina ruvara zvikuru. Munyika mune dzimwe alloys goridhe, somuenzaniso muLatin America kuti pagadzirwe Mari goridhe akashandisa nzwisa 875 goridhe.

alloys sirivha zvinoshandiswa zvishongo pamwe kuwedzererwa diki dzendarira. Inonyanya kufarirwa aya ndiwo sirivha 925. Kune 875, 800 uye 750-fung mharidzo. Havana chete kushandiswa pakugadzira zvishongo asiwo zvaAtemisi tableware. Oga, mumwe wesirivha chiwanikwa iri 960 ivhu - rinoshandiswa mune kugadzirwa mishonga muzviruva. It ane rakasiyana ehupfumi dzakadaro kuti nyaya akaita kubva chiwanikwa kwakadaro muzviruva Ndiwe haachagoni kutevedzera kubva hapana mumwe simbi chinokosha. Naizvozvo, zvinoitika kuti mutengo zvishongo zvakagadzirwa nesirivha iri kupfuura mutengo zvishongo zvegoridhe.