Chechi munhuwo. Nhoroondo zvavo kukereke Russia

Sezvo kuitwa chiKristu muRussia pfungwa Orthodox yakatsviriridza kukosha zviito zviri ethnos Russian uye vakatora kiyi nzvimbo miniti yose muupenyu mutendi. Ndokusaka panyaya rokuponesa mumusha kana guta kubva njodzi uye kuonga kukunda muvengi yevatendi vakatanga kuvaka zviratidzo zvechitendero panzvimbo munguva pfupi zvikuru nguva. Saka, imwe itsva mhando kuvakwa kwetemberi Orthodox - chechi nezuva.

The Church sezvo asingaoneki anorairira murume

History chechi nezuva muRussia yakatanga 996 kana Grand Duke Vladimir, wakapukunyuka ane chikwata kubva Pechenegs pasi kavha zambuko, maererano mhiko, yakavakwa panzvimbo iyi mutemberi.

Zvisinei, kuwandisa kwakajairika makereke sezvo zvivako mutemberi Russia akatanga chete mukupera rechi14 - pakati-remakore rechi15, ichi kunoratidzwa kunyanya kushingaira mundima muPskov uye Novgorod.

Pfungwa yokuti "chechi zuva nezuva" - pamwe madudziro emazwi pamusoro mabhii wechitatu - chinozarura tsanangudzo kwezvivako yetemberi, akasikwa nezuva rimwe, - "ndechimwe zuva."

Nzvimbo kunamata muupenyu hwezuva nezuva

refu zvazvingava kwakadaro okuvaka chechi imhaka murau nyore - chechi anova "kuchenesa" yakaorera nzvimbo chete pashure yaro rokugadza, saka kushanda kwayo kuvaka haagumiri kuti miniti imwe uye chechi yepano panyika kusvikira pakupera kuvakwa uye rokugadza vairamba kudzivirirwa kubva masimba akaipa. Mashoko seboka chiito okuvaka, kudzoka pakunamata uye mumuviri simba ravo chimwezve rubatso kuchengeteka kwacho uye panguva imwe chete somutariri rallying vanhu akananga naMwari nyasha. Mumwe temberi izvi, mazana vanhu vakaungana uye wechipiri ose zvichiratidza nyasha, ndizvo Chechi Eria zvavo muMoscow.

Creation kwetemberi, kutenda ruponeso

Zvavovo All munhuwo vakasikwa sezviratidzo kubatsirwa naMwari uye wakanyengeterera vatendi. Nguva dzose akasika temberi ose kuti chikonzero chikuru - maererano nechipikirwa vanhu, vakapiwa Kuyananisira Mwari, ufuratire vanhu njodzi uye njodzi. Somuenzaniso, panguva denda dzevanhu muna 1390 muna Novgorod, muzita Mutsvene Baba Athanasius nezuva rimwe chakagadzwa, uye chechi yakanga yatsaurirwa naJohane tenzi. Similar kuchechi yake rakadzikwa muPskov panguva denda muna 1407 pskovityane.

MuMoscow muna 1553, panguva denda denda, IV Ivan anotyisa akarayira kuisa machechi maviri yematanda, akapeta muzuva rimwe uye vagadzwe nokukudzwa St. Christopher uye Kirilla Belozorskogo. Rakanga zvinyorwa wokutanga nemabhuku emabasa novogorodskih, iyo inoreva kuti kuvakwa kwakajairika kereke hurongwa Grand Duke.

Maererano nenhau dzakaitika, nokuda pave Russian chechi mapurani

Munhuwo chechi iri magadzirirwo kuti erection ake akasiyana yematanda kana ibwe kuchechi yeOrthodox. The Joinery specialized okudhindira kare kugadzirwa chinoumbwa chikamu kereke ipapo panzvimbo chaiyo uye muzuva rimwe yose mamiriro nokukurumidza chaizvo kuenda. Chokwadi, nokuda kwayo compactness, chechi ezuva nezuva kugona kutakura vanhu vanopfuura mazana maviri. Zvisinei, nhamba vomuchechi unosvikirwa kadikidiki yeko vemunharaunda, chikafu mupristi mumwe.

Mazuva achinyepera yayo chechi ose kunogona kuva mukuru - 15 metres yakakwirira, 80 mativi metres uye anogona kutakura vanamati 150 - uye pasi, ane kureba iri 12 metres, asi nzvimbo - 49 chete mativi mamita.

chechi Wooden chakagadzirwa laminated ukanyatsotarisisa matanda kana matanda. Modern chechi nezuva kakawanda kuiswa nheyo, uye iri kuvakwa pamusoro kongiri cubes. Izvi zvinoitwa nokuda kuti mashandiro ayo ari mutsva dzomumaguta kana mumaruwa dunhu rinowanikwa iri dikidiki hwaro, dzikapfeka sangano temberi kuti nzvimbo itsva pakuvaka yekare chechi zvachose wakaiswa. temberi Novopostavlenny anodawo nguva kunonaya panguva nzvimbo itsva.

MuRussia ano, kereke nezuva zvikuru vanoshingaira yakavakwa East ari Kure kuSiberia, nokuda inaccessibility yenzvimbo idzi mureza kuvaka zvinhu uye pfupi nguva yegore, hunodiwa pakuvaka kereke ibwe.

Kushongedza uye iconography wokuRussia chechi nezuva Orthodox

Munyika yanhasi, vafundisi yakawanda hanya rwakabhadharwa kuna mukati kushongedzwa mutemberi, vanoda kubvisa kunyanya Byzantine muumbozha, uye panguva imwecheteyo kutarisa chiremera uye anokudzwa, kuisa ungano nokuti zvaida yakatarwa uye ndinzwe nenzira uye kumurova unyanzvi Painters uye ezvivako.

Saka, pasinei kupfuura mwero chitarisiko, chechi ose ari muenzaniso Zvikuru Russian chechi mapurani kuitika yeOrthodox iconostasis, imwe shinda kwokunze pamusoro pesuo mapapiro uye vakapfeka domes.

Chokwadi, tsika zvinhu - yezvinonhuhwira, Fonts, muchinjikwa, kenduru - yavakawana diocesan kumahofisi.

Mupristi anokomborera icon kana chakakandirwa sechipo vomuchechi kana yeko anoshandisa kuminamato yakazara Painters.

Eria The nezuva - asingaoneki vaichengetedza vanhu Russian

Special kuremekedzwa uye kunamata vanhu Russian anova muporofita Eria, anonzi aiva musande aive masoja, vezvikepe uye kuenda neherikoputa hondo Russia.

Eria muporofita, panguva hwake kuchitsigira exposer zvinhu zvakashata dzevanhu, mudziviriri chirikadzi uye anotyisa omutsivi kururamisira, aurayiwe vapristi vaBhaari uye Jehovha ndiye ishe kwemvura uye mvura. In Russian musi raEriya Day, musi August 2, arambidzwa basa, uyewo nomusi kuti midzimu yakaipa vakapinda mumvura, saka kusvikira gore rinouya arambidzwa kundoshamba. Iri raiva zuva yemitambo mhuri, iyo vazhinji enyika akanga pashure vhiki-refu romukova.

Temberi Eria zvavo muMoscow

Ikakuruma machechi kare trohvekovuyu, panguva yavakanga panguva nenguva vakaenda kusauka uye rweJerusarema. Mumwe machechi aya ndiwo Church waEria muprofita hakuzivani muMoscow. Nhoroondo yaro, temberi iyi yakatanga kusvika remakore rechi16, apo nzvimbo ino chechi yemapuranga pakati Grand Prince Vasily III, zvichienderana nechivimbiso yakavakwa - "zuva nezuva", "Obydenko" - atumidzwa kereke Eriya regarega.

Muna 1611 chechi chakatsva pasi Polish mauto, muna 1612 paiva dzimbahwe Dmitriya Pozharskogo. Muzana remakore rechi17 yava kushanda se rinoyera chapero reMadzimambo, apo iye akapa minamato mvura munguva yokusanaya kwemvura.

Muna 1706, mabharani remakurukota Gavriil Fodorovich Derevnin uye mukoma wake Basil rakavakwazve Church waEriya zvakare zuva nezuva, munharaunda vakazochinja vakavigwa. Gore iroro, chikuru choushe chando muprofita Eriya yakavakwa inodziya refectory chechi kunyengetera muchando mwaka, ayo payakarovera nomoto uye yakavakwazve 1753.

Zvino mukati pamadziro etemberi akafukidzwa zvikuru mifananidzo, zvikurukuru pamusoro madingindira paupenyu muporofita Eria. Muchechi vari zvisaririra St. Athanasius Kovrov uye icon Yedu Lady pamusoro Kazan.

Sezvo chechi haina 1917 chechipiri haana yakavharwa. With kwayo akapfuma munhoroondo iri kwete chete nzwisa Russian kuvake kupenda uye mapurani chikoro, asi nzvimbo huru nokupfuuridzirwa ruzivo chitsvene - panguva Church Eriya muporofita ane raibhurari, hurukuro imba uye chikoro chechi.