Boston Marathon 2013: chokwadi uye migumisiro

Boston Marathon - wegore negore mitambo, achitora nzvimbo mumaguta anoverengeka Massachusetts. Zvinonzi nguva dzose inoitwa muna Patriot Day (Day Patriots '), pazuva rechitatu Monday waApril. Nhangemutange yokutanga yakaitwa 1897. Akafuridzirwa kubudirira rokutanga yedaro refu panguva Summer yeOlympic muna 1896. Boston Marathon - mukuru wepagore nhangemutange, rinova vaiona chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira munyika.

Marathon Kunokwezva kumativi 500,000 vaoni, zvichiita kupfuura akakurumbira zvemitambo chiitiko muNew England. Kunyange muna 1897 nhangemutange yakanga wakapindwa dzinokwana 18 vatambi, iye ikozvino ane avhareji vakanyorwa vechikamu vanenge 30 000. Jubheri Boston Marathon muna 1996 akava rekodhi vatori vechikamu: 38708 vave akashuma kuti abatane rudzi, 36.748 vanhu vakatora kuti kutanga uye 35868 vakasvika munhangemutange.

nyaya

Yokutanga Boston Marathon yakarongwa April 1897, rakafuridzirwa kumutsidzirwa nhangemutange panguva Summer yeOlympic muna 1896 muAtene. Ndiye dangwe kuramba kushanda uye mazhinji wechipiri North America.

Chiitiko chacho yakarongwa kuti iitike mhemberero neZuva Patriots (Day Patriots ') uye kunoratidza kubatana pakati vaAtene uye American varwi rusununguko. Yokutanga weNobel raiva Dzhon Makdermott, kumhanya daro 24.5 mamaira muna 2:55:10. Nhangemutange, rwakazokura seshanduro Boston Marathon, Kubvira achiitwa gore rimwe nerimwe. Muna 1924, pakatanga akakurudzirwa Hopkinton, uye mazhinji inoenda 26 mamaira 385 mamita (42.195 km). Izvi zvinoitwa kusangana nezvinodiwa servicesactiopurge muna 1908 uye waitaura zvaifanira kuitwa IAAF muna 1921.

Pakutanga, Boston Marathon aiva chiitiko womunharaunda, asi nokuda kwayo mukurumbira uye kuda kuonekera, akatanga kukwezva kuvamhanyi kubva pasi pose. Munyika dzakawanda nhoroondo yaro, chiitiko chaiva zvachose vasiri purofiti, uye mubayiro chete nokuda kuhwina yakanga chishongo yakarukwa kubva womuorivhi mapazi. Sponsored mibayiro paakavapa chete kwakatanga 1980s, pashure vatambi vari nyanzvi makatanga kuramba kubatanidzwa munhangemutange pasina chinokosha mibayiro. mubairo kutanga mukuwana yedaro refu agamuchirwa 1986.

Kurwira vakadzi kodzero chikamu yedaro refu

Vakadzi havabvumirwi pamutemo ndiitewo Boston Marathon kusvikira 1972. Robert Gibb, maererano varongi kwechiitiko chacho, ndiye mukadzi wokutanga kumhanya zvizere yedaro refu chinhambwe zvose (muna 1966). Muna 1967, Ketrin Svittser vakanyorwa se "K. V. Svittser", akava mukadzi wokutanga kumhanya napakati kusvikira pakuguma pamwe pamutemo nhamba yeboka. Iye akakwanisa kusvika kumugumo, pasinei zvaitika kwakazivikanwa nevanhu vakawanda, umo mumiririri kwokubatsira yacho yedaro refu Jock Semple akaedza kupaza wake mumba uye haana kubvumira kwake kutiza. Muna 1996, vakadzi vaiitawo kurongwa munyika yedaro refu kubva 1966 kusvika 1971, uye wokutanga kwasvika munhangemutange, akanga retroactively pamutemo Champions. Muna 2015, vanenge 46% varimo vaiva munhukadzi.

Njodzi pamwe Rozi Ruis

Chigumbuso yakaitika panguva Boston Marathon muna 1980, apo mumhanyi-anoda Rosie Ruiz akabuda pasina uye akahwina nhangemutange pakati pavakadzi. Vamiririri kwokubatsira ari yedaro refu vakava kufungira pavakaona kuti Ruiz haagoni kuona mavhidhiyo nhangemutange anenge kusvikira pakuguma. Tevera kuongorora kwakaratidza kuti vakawanda Ruiz kurashikirwa zviitiko, uye ipapo, anenge munhu maira (1,6 km) kusvika kumugumo, uye hwakakanyiwa vazhinji nyore outstripped vakwikwidzi. Judges pamutemo unodzingwa Rosie. Boston Marathon muna 1980, saka, akakunda yeCanada mutambi Zhaklin Garo.

tsaona

Muna 1905, James Edward Brooks kubva North Adams muna Massachusetts akafa nemabayo vachangobuda vaviri akamhanya yedaro refu, uye haana kudzoka kumba. Muna 1996, makore 62 okuberekwa murume achibva kuSweden, akafa nechirwere chomwoyo. Muna 2002, makore 28 okuberekwa Sintiya Lusero akafa hyponatremia.

Boston Marathon 2013

Panguva yedaro refu muna 2013, April 15, panguva 14:49 omunzvimbo iyoyo, pashure maawa anopfuura maviri mushure vakundi akayambuka munhangemutange musi Boylston Street, vanenge 200 metres pamberi munhangemutange, paiva Kuputika maviri, daro pakati pavo kwakanga 180 metres.

Nokufema vakaurayiwa vanhu vatatu uye kukakuvadza vanhu vanenge 144, uyo 17 vakakuvadzwa zvakakomba. Pakati akafa aiva mukomana wemakore masere. No boka nemagandanga yakauraya mutoro kubhombiwa. Zvakatora pamusoro Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) uye mufananidzo yevaifungidzirwa maviri vakagamuchirwa nokukurumidza.

Usiku, April 18 ari shootout kuCambridge pedyo Massachusetts Institute of Technology, akaurayiwa ari mupurisa, akatanga kuvhiyiwa rekunzwisisa yevaifungidzirwa mbiri, hama Tamerlan uye Dzhokhar Tsarnaevyh. The mukuru wavo, Tamerlan, akafa kuchipatara mangwanani musi 19 Kubvumbi. Nearby vagari vaiudzwa kugara mukati misha yavo mikova yakapfigwa. zvifambiso muBoston ukapfigwa pasi, kusanganisira nzira makurusa rehurumende Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority uye Amtrak njanji kambani; Vaiva akapfigwa zvikoro uye mumayunivhesiti, uyewo mabhizimisi akawanda. Kodzero nhengo vachitungamirirwa ehurumende mapurisa akavhiringidza guta Watertown, uye musi April 19 pa 8:45 Dzhokhar Tsarnaev kwakazosungirwa.

Boston Marathon 2013 kuputika iyo yakauraya mukomana ane makore 8 okuberekwa uye mukadzi ane makore 29 okuberekwa (zvose vagari Mafuro Boston), uyewo mudzidzi-makore 23 kubva China, idambudziko guru kune yose yakabudirira nyika. Pakati akakuvadzwa vaiva mai uye hanzvadzi yemufi mukomana.

The nemagandanga musi yedaro refu

Kuputika mabhomba maviri zvikamu mumasekonzi 15 zvaigadzirwa pedyo Copley Square Boston. Somugumisiro kurwiswa nemagandanga vakauraya vanhu vatatu uye akakuvara anopfuura zana kunosiyana nekuomarara. Vakundi akayambuka munhangemutange pamusoro maawa maviri pamberi kuputika, asi pakanga paine vamhanyi vakanga chete kumhanya kusvikira pakuguma Boston Marathon achiri.

The Kurwisa zvakandishamisa vose: kurwisa chero kutyisidzirwa nemasangano zvemagandanga kunge vakaudza.

Zvinoputika vakanga mhando vakakoniwa nyore kuti kutora mirayiridzo kubva Internet kana kumwe kupi. The putika raiva mukati-fő matanhatu kumanikidzwa cookers, dzakanga yakavanzwa iri zvinhu zvenaironi mukwende.

Shooting, dzingirira uye kusungwa

Nokukurumidza pashure mifananidzo dzakabudiswa, paiva skirmish ari kunharaunda Massachusetts Institute of Technology, pedyo zvivako 32 (Stata Center). Izvi zvakaitika musi April 18 panguva maawa 22 maminitsi 48 dzomunharaunda nguva (02:48 UTC). kwepfuti wandei dzakaitwa. The mabara akarova mupurisa vagere patrol motokari. Akaendeswa Massachusetts General Hospital, uye, pashure penguva, vanachiremba konstantirovali rufu. Shon Kollier akadana mapurisa, aiva nemakore 26 okuberekwa, akaberekwa muna Somerville, Massachusetts, uye aishanda mapurisa dhipatimendi Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Tsarnaev mhuri akabatwa sirivha Mercedes SUV kuCambridge uye rakamanikidzwa kusada muridzi ATM $ 800. Kutora mari, ivo rega hondo machine. Yevaifungidzirwa vakamuudza kuti vakanga vachinzi vane mhosva kubhomba panguva Boston Marathon. Mapurisa kurondwa motokari kuguta Watertown, Massachusetts. Vezvemitemo machinda Watertown yakashuma musazonetsanazve anoverengeka uye skirmishes, panguva iyo vakanzwawo kuputika. Manheru iwayo, pepanhau The Boston Globe yakataura kuti shootout akatora vanhu chikamu vari aida kuti kurwiswa panguva yedaro refu. A gunfight nemapurisa uye kuputika mabhomba kukandwa ne matsotsi vakatarisa vagari Watertown. Imwe hama chakabatwa, asi wechipiri kutiza panzvimbo SUV zvaibiwa. Munguva shootout, akanga akakoshesa akuvadzwa-makore 33 motokari mupurisa Massachusetts Bay ainzi Richard H. Donahue Jr. Sezvineiwo, vanga haana zvinouraya.

Mangwanani April 19, pashure motokari dzingirira uye shootout nemapurisa, mumwe yevaifungidzirwa, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, akaendeswa kuna Medical Center Bheti Izreyel, apo akafa vakawanda vapfurwa maronda uye akuvara ari Nokufema. The FBI akasunungura mapikicha yevaifungidzirwa maviri Watertown zviitiko. mukoma wechipiri, Dzhokhar, uyo dzimwe nguva anonzi "fungira iri chena ngowani," maererano mapurisa vachiri takawanda. Zviremera vanoti hama vakanga vakandirwa kunze kwake motokari musha-akaita bhomba mapurisa avo vakavadzinga kubva Cambridge kusvikira Watertown.

Muna 2015, mumwe vapari vemhosva kuputika, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, kwakawanikwa mhosva pane zvinhu 30 uye akatongerwa rufu.

Kuchengetwa

April 18 pa Boston Catholic Church of the Holy Cross akabata vachiwadzana yemariro nokuda vanonetswa kurwiswa nemagandanga. Iye airidza US President Barack Obama uye vamwe vakamborwa yeBoston Marathon.

The doping wokupomera ari yedaro refu 2014

The yedaro refu mumhanyi gore rino, zvokuKenya Rita Dzheptu akasvika munhangemutange wekutanga pakati pavakadzi. Zvisinei, yakanga unodzingwa mushure vamiririri World Anti-Doping Agency vakazivisa kuti ayo muedzo zvinorambidzwa zvinhu akaratidza mafungire mugumisiro. Hearings zvakadyiwa dzakaitwa January 2015.

Boston Marathon 2016

Muna 2016, American Jami Marseille akava wokutanga iyo yasvika munhangemutange yeBoston Marathon mukadzi ane zvose makumbo kudimburwa. Kutungamirira chiitiko akanga Bobbi Gibb, chete uyo akamhanya yedaro refu makore 50 apfuura, muna 1966. The weNobel of 2016 vakadzi, muEtiopiya mutambi atsede baysa, Bobbi Gibb akapa mubayiro. Akabvuma kuchigamuchira ndokunge mukati gore iye anouya Ethiopia uye mudzorere chepamutemo muridzi zvemukombe.