Architects St. Petersburg - vanoita?

guta World-akakurumbira tsika Russia - Saint Petersburg - captivates kwete vagari chete yemunyika, asiwo zviuru zvevashanyi vanoda kushanyira guta mabhiriji, uye White neusiku. Chii anoyevedza St. Petersburg uye akazviita nenzira tinoziva zvino?

Tanga okuvaka St. Petersburg

Muvambi guta raiva muvandudzi mukuru uye chevaux Peter I. noukama mapurani uye kukura nechokumadokero nyika dzaakashanyira, Peter ndakasarudza kuvaka guta kuRussia, hakusi muduku kunaka uye runako kuEurope makuru. Saka vakatanga kuvaka St. Petersburg.

Mambo akanga asiri mutsigiri hwokunyanyisa yose wokumavirira, asi akakwanisa dzokubvisa kukosha zvaunoona uye dzienderane nemamiriro ezvinhu Russian. Architects St. Petersburg, yaakanga vakaripira kubva kunze kwenyika, zvave kuzivikanwa vatenzi kuti nebasa iri munyika dzokuEurope.

Pakati pavo, Jean-Baptiste Leblond kubva kuFrance uye Domenico Trezzini kubva kuItaly. basa ravo rakanga kwete chete ezvivako maererano zvadzinofarira uye zvinodiwa vagari veguta, asiwo chokudzidzisa ezvivako Empire iwe ichi zvakaoma. Kukurudzira vatorwa Peter I akabhadhara kwavari mubayiro zvikuru kupfuura vatenzi Russian.

Architects St. Petersburg

Mumwe wokutanga ezvivako muSt Petersburg munguva kubvira 1703 kusvika 1716 aiva Domenico Trezzini - mumiririri mangwanani Baroque. Pakati mabasa ake - kuvaka Kronshlot (atirari nhare pakudzivirira pamusoro yeSweden); mukuru urongwa wokutanga guta; budiriro hurongwa Vasilyevsky Island; anoronga kuti pakuvaka Cathedral Petro naPauro Fortress, ari Summer Palace, pakuvaka Twelve Colleges. Manyorero murongedzeri achinja pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu yakapoteredza chokwadi. Rokutanga zvirongwa (zvikurukuru, bhero neshongwe Cathedral of SS Petro naPauro) embody utsinye Air manyorerwo mu mapurani. Zvisinei, achifuridzirwa tsika uye manyorerwo vatenzi Russian pamusoro mapurani siyana Trezzini akatora manyoro chimiro.

Pasi zvimwechetezvo uye nevamwe ezvivako St. Petersburg: Kunyanya Russian mweya uye mararamiro avanhu yeRussian Empire kuti zvinokosha kugadziridza rokusika kwacho uye aesthetic maonero ezvivako.

No mupiro zvishoma kukosha mumadhorobha budiriro chakaitwa Johann Georg Mattarnovi, German mapurani, akasvika muSt Petersburg muna 1714. Akatungamirira kuvakwa kwezvivako akawanda - wechipiri Winter Palace, pakuvaka Kunstkamera, Cathedral St. kwaIsaka. Asi pashure ake kufirwa muna 1719, akanga atanga kupedza mapurani Nikolaus Gerbel.

Chimwe chinoshamisa mapurani, uyo akashanda ari kuchamhembe guru - wokuFrance Jean-Baptiste Leblond. Aiva munyori yokutanga vakawanda urongwa kweguta. Mukuwedzera, mapurani akaita marongerwo pakati ari Summer Garden, uyewo mumapaki nemapindu muna Strelna uye Peterhof (zvikurukuru, akavaka Hermitage, Monplaisir, youmambo makamuri uye setende Marley).

Mumwe wokutanga zvirongwa aiva akakura Menshikov Palace, ane basa rokuvaka rakatanga muna 1710 pamusoro pokumuka Giovanni Maria Fontana, uye yakapedzwa muna 1720 kare Johann Schedel. Chivako rakavakwa zvakananga kuti mhuka ramambo - Prince Alexander Menshikov.

The ezvivako wakavaka St. Petersburg, vakashanda kwezvizvarwa. Saka, muna 1716 muguta pamwe nemhuri yake uye vabatsiri vasvika Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli, akagumisa kwemakore matatu chibvumirano namambo. The mapurani akanga achiparidza pakusikwa rose boka reliefs nokuti Grand Cascade pa Peterhof; I akasika Equestrian shongwe Peter I (akaisa pamberi Mikhailovsky Palace), uyewo Portraits inoverengeka mambo uye ake "wakisi nechipi".

Mukuru mapurani St. Petersburg

Mwanakomana Bartholomew Sr. - Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli - akasvika muguta pamwe nababa vake aine makore 15. Education, iye wakaitirwa zvakadai kunoshamisa ezvivako sezvo Domenico Trezzini, N. Michetti, M. Zemtsov uye A. Shlyutter. Rastrelli Jr. akashanda muSt Petersburg, makore anenge makumi mashanu, nokusika pamusoro nguva ino Zvivako nyika yakakurumbira: The Catherine Palace muna Tsarskoye tiiviste, Count Stroganov imba uye Vorontsov, Grand Peterhof Palace. The mapurani of Winter Palace muSt Petersburg - saka akadana Bartolomeo Rastrelli, dziri kunzwisisa ichi unyanzvi ake ose. Construction kubvira 1754 kusvika 1762. Pamusoro Payakapera, mumuzinda yaiva huru yakagara youmambo chando. Chivako chiri Baroque manyorerwo. Ndicho yokupedzisira akakura building, rinosanganisa manyorero vemifananidzo aishanda mirayiridzo iyi.

Zvino saka, nokuti yechipiri yezana XVIII remakore kunoratidzwa chimbichimbi kuchinja mamiriro ezveupfumi uye manakiro munzanga, izvo zvakazoita kuti nokukurumidza kutsakatika Baroque pop.

The mapurani of Winter Palace muSt Petersburg akamborara dambudziko chairo nokuti unopinza kurasikirwa kufarira mapurani werudzii hwake akasvimha classicism. Kashoma tenzi vakapona yaitonga kuyerera, mu raakashandisa. Rastrelli nokuti kwaiva nokurova chaiye.

Mugumisiro vatorwa mapurani Russian

Yokutanga yezana XVIII remakore akava raikosha munhau yeRussia mapurani. Pasinei nokuti ezvivako akakurumbira St. Petersburg vakanga vatorwa, zvinonyanya vakatsunga kukura architecture yeRussian Empire, achimupa zvimwe kuitika Western. Panguva iyoyowo vatenzi pachavo pasi pokudzora zvakatipoteredza, tsika uye tsika vanhu vokuRussia uye nyika yake zvakachinja manyorero basa ravo, achichinja kune vanofarira uye Zvinosarudzwa vatengi.