Alexander Rodchenko: upenyu uye basa

Alexander Michailovich Rodchenko, a constructivist uye mugadziri, akapedzera upenyu hwake hwose hukuru mukutsvaka zvinhu. Haana kugara achiwana kunzwisisa kubva muhurumende, uye ipapo basa raive rakasimba, uye mumweya-kushuva. Kunyanya izvi zvinoratidza makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu.

Ubwana uye huduku

Mumhuri yezvidzidzo zvepamusoro uye yekuchenesa muna 1891, mwanakomana waAlexander akazvarwa. Makore gumi nemana gare gare vakatamira kuKazan. Ikoko muna 1905 Rodchenko akapedza chikoro kubva kuchikoro chikuru cheparisheni. Vabereki vakarota kuti mwanakomana achadzidza uye ave nyanzvi yezinyore - unhu hwemunhu akachengeteka, uye wechidiki anoda kutora. Kubvira pazera remakore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri kusvika pakuputika kweHondo Yenyika I, ave achishanda muKazan, chikoro cheunyanzvi, kwemakore mana, paanosangana naVa Varya Stepanova, avo vachazove shamwari neshamwari yeupenyu. Asi muna 1914 akatorwa kupinda muuto uye akatumirwa kuMoscow, kuMoscow, kwaanotarisira upfumi hwekurapa.

Moscow

Kubva muna 1916, Alexander Rodchenko akatanga kutora kuongororwa nemifananidzo uye kutora muzviratidzo zveVatlin, umo anoratidza mavara ake epamberi. Iwe unogona kufananidzwa ne-avant-garde nenzira dzakasiyana. Mune mabasa aya, mumwe munhu achawana zvinoreva zvakadzama mune zvakagadzirwa maitiro matsva, nokuti chimwe chinhu chinyorwa chakafungidzirwa pamusoro pekusika mapeji. Alexander Rodchenko akafunga kushandiswa kwake kwekusika senzira yekutsvakurudza. Mushure mezvose, akanyora zvirongwa zvaakanyora zvaanotenda. Uye mumifananidzo yakaumbwa nemafomu ejometri, akaedza kuzarura zvakadzika nzvimbo uye chimiro chezvinhu.

Basa reHurumende muMoscow

Muna 1917, vanyori vanogadzira hurumende yehutano. Alexander Rodchenko yakanyanya Murume akaumbwa, ane makore makumi maviri nemakumi mana, iye azere nesimba uye, sezvo ari munyori wehurumende, anotora sangano rehupenyu hwevechidiki vanyori. Mukuwedzera, anobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwekaPittoresk cafe, uye anoshumirawo muPublic's Commissariat for Education.

Creativity

Muna 1923, bhuku raMayakovsky ra "About This" rakabudiswa. Kwaari, Rodchenko akaita mifananidzo yakajeka. Mapikichaji emapikicha aisanganisira mifananidzo yemuumbi uye mudiwa wake Lily Brick. Bhuku racho rakagamuchirwa nenzira yakajeka nevakawanda. Izvo zvakagadziridzwa zvakasimbisa kujeka kwemutambo wacho. Semuenzaniso, Lunacharsky aifara pamusoro peyo nhetembo, asi akanga asina chokwadi nezvekugadzirwa kwayo, basa raRodchenko raiva rakanaka zvikuru. Bhuku iri raiva kupfurikidza kwebasa ravo rekugadzira pamaposita. Muma1920s, mutauro weposita wakashandura zvikuru - wakava kunyanya kunakidza, laconic, kudzidzisa. Kubva kumadokero kweEurope, akanga akasiyana chaizvo nemaitiro ake matsva. Mayakovsky naRodchenko mubato rakagadzira zvigadziriswe zvezvematongerwe enyika mune zvigadziriswa zvekuvaka maitiro mumakore 23-25 . Mune nguva pfupi iyi, zvikumbiro zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasikwa kuti zvikumbire kuMosselprom, pakati pazvo zvinotonyanya kukosha ndezvokuti "chingwa chinebhadha" uye "Nowhere zvimwe ...", uye Rubinrestrade sausages, GUM chiziviso. Mukuwedzera pamagwaro anonyanya kufadza, anosiyaniswa nemaonero anooneka ekutungamirira: zviri nyore kusiyana nemirazi yakajeka, kushamisika kunoshamisa. Uyewo akashandisa mafambiro akajeka, akajeka uye akareba, mavara ezvimwe zvakasiyana. Zvose pamwe chete, hazvingagoni asi kutora pfungwa uye kwete kugutsikana.

Rudzi rwemhando itsva

Zvakangoerekana zvaratidzwa chikamu chinotevera che tarenda yemurume uyu anoshamisa - photo art. Alexander Rodchenko akamanikidzwa kutora basa rake remitambo. Zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti pfungwa idzi dzinongoputika muma1920s. Mubvunzo unomuka: wakakwanisa kuitikisa rini? Akashanda kwemaawa 24 here? Achiziva imwe mhando yehudhi, iye nezvose zvakashinga akazvipa iye kwaari. Akabata nguva dzoupenyu kwese uye akasika unyanzvi. Akarova vanhu nezvinhu kubva pamakumbo asina kujairika, vakatora mazenga kubva kumakona, vakatora mifananidzo kubva pasi uye kubva kumusoro, uye vakagadzira mapiritsi. Yakanga iriwo nzvimbo yokuputira, uye mumigwagwa yeguta, uye mumasikirwo.

Mumakore ekuma1930, Rodchenko akapomerwa kuti aiva bourgeois nokuti akanga achipfura piyona akanga achiridza hwamanda. Asi akaramba achishanda, asingashanduki kune zvaidiwa nevane masimba. Nyaya yacho yakaguma nekuti mu 51 akadzingwa muUnited of Artists. Yakanga iri nguva yerima muhupenyu hwake uye muupenyu hwemukadzi wake Varvara Stepanova. Asi zvose zvakagadziriswa mushure mekufa kwaStalin, uye muna 54 Rodchenko akadzorerwa kumapoka evartists. Makore maviri gare gare, muna 1956, Rodchenko akafa. Aive nemakore makumi matanhatu.

Asi akaita zvakanyanya zvokuti nzvimbo dzake dzekuchengetedza dzinofanirwa kuramba dzichiongorora nekuita mifananidzo yemifananidzo yemabasa ake, sezvo vachiratidza nguva uye vasina kurasikirwa nemafungiro ekunyora.