UN mitauro yepamutemo. Ndeipi mutauro mukuru UN?

The United Nations ine nhengo dzakawanda munyika. Zvisinei, mabhizimisi Nhaurirano uye matsamba ari sangano rinoitwa pasi mitauro mishoma chaizvo. mitauro kwakadaro yepamutemo UN, pakarongwa iri zviduku, vakasarudzwa netsaona. Vaiva mugumisiro kunyatsoverenga uye akanaka kusvika.

mitauro mitanhatu

chete mitauro nyika shoma kuzivikanwa sezvo pamutemo mitauro yacho UN. sarudzo dzavo kufurirwa zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira kuwanda. In zvose pane mitauro mitanhatu pamutemo UN. Izvi zvinosanganisira Chokwadi, Russian. kusarudza Clear vachida Chirungu uye Chinese - izvi mitauro inotaurwa kuwanda vanhu vose pamusoro nyika. Kuwedzera izvi, mamiriro mutauro unonyanya rakanga Arabic, Spanish uye French. izvi mitauro zvose zviri pachena inopfuura zana munyika, vanotaura anopfuura 2 mamiriyoni 800 vanhu.

nenhoroondo nguva

Nhoroondo UN mitauro pamutemo kwakatanga mushure okuguma Second World War. The UN Charter, musungwa United States 26/06/1945, pakutanga nemasaini shanu mutauro shanduro. Pakati pavo pakanga pasina Arabic. Izvi runoratidzwa nyaya 111 kubva gwaro iri, iro zvakare pachena kuti muzviitiko zvose, zvisinei kwegadziriro mutauro, muri zvechokwadi.

Muna 1946, General Assembly mvumo mitemo pasi waida kubata mitauro zvose zvakaenzana, uye mitauro mishanu inofanira kushandiswa zvomukati zvose yeUnited Nations pasi. Panguva iyoyowo weUN mukuru dzakanyorwa ndiwo mutauro unonyanya, Chirungu nechiFrench - nokushanda. Kwapera gore, sangano rave kunze mutemo kuti mitauro yepamutemo UN, mazita ayo ipapo yaiva nzvimbo shanu chete vaiva chete chinzvimbo mune mamwe masangano.

Muna 1968, ivo vanoshanda mamiriro mutauro wokuRussia aiva - mumwe UN mitauro yepamutemo.

Muna 1973, mutauro vanoshanda zvatowedzera kuzivikanwa Chinese. Also akawedzera somunhu mutauro unonyanya ndiye Arabic, akaita zvakafanana, uye nokushanda nomutauro General Assembly. Nenzira iyi, zvose mitauro pamutemo panguva yakatanga uye vashandi.

Muna 1983, mitauro yose matanhatu pamutemo UN vava kuzivikanwa Security Council. In sangano iri, uye ivo kuva pamutemo, uye panguva imwe chete vashandi.

Zvinokosha kuti vose vari weUN General aiva vanoshanda ruzivo Chirungu uye chiFrench.

Kushandisa mitauro

UN mitauro yepamutemo dzinoshandiswa pamisangano siyana uye misangano mukuru kukura sangano. Zvikurukuru, vari kushandiswa munguva General Assembly uye Summit Namachinda Security Council nhengo. anoshandiswa mitauro-vataurwa pamusoro apa, uye panguva Economic uye Social Council.

Zvinoreva chinzvimbo ichi ndechokuti anofanira kuva chero nhengo United Nations kodzero yokutaura pamusoro mumitauro izvi pamutemo. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi chero nzira chete kodzero dzayo kushandisa mumwe mutauro. Kana mumiriri chero nyika haangarevi mutauro unonyanya, kuti vaturikiri zvichaita kushandura chepamutemo. Uyezve, chikamu shanduro kubva mumwe mutauro unonyanya kupinda mamwe mashanu basa vaturikiri.

Zvemakore UN

Mutauro sangano ndiyewo kuitwa mumitauro yose mitanhatu. Uye kana gwaro rakashandurirwa Somuenzaniso, mitauro chete mana, uye vaviri asara asina kuzoiswa muchibereko, ipapo vakadaro gwaro havazobvumirwi rakapa pasina kugamuchira dudziro mumitauro yose pamutemo. The kutendeseka magwaro pamwe chete - pasinei ake mharidzo mutauro.

parity mitauro

Pane imwe nguva, utungamiriri United Nations rave vakashorwa nokuda kwayaida kushandisa Chirungu, uye ukuwo, nokuti kushaya hanya nevamwe mitauro yepamutemo. The UN pokuita nyika vane chavagari anotaura Spanish, muna 2001, akaisa nyaya asati Munyori General Kofi Annan. Nepo Annan akatsanangura kusaenzana pakati mitauro mitanhatu kuti sangano raJehovha bhajeti haabvumiri kuti zvakanaka kufunga zvose subtleties uye nuances kushandurwa kuti mutauro mumwe. Zvisinei, iye zvaaikumbira ichi kuti katsamba uye akaratidza tariro kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anofanira kugadziriswa, kungotarira zvakakwana kushandisa mumwe mutauro unonyanya.

I kugadzirisa nyaya iyi makakatanwa muna 2008-2009, apo General Assembly chisarudzo, maererano izvo Secretariat akanga tasked kutevedza parity pakati mumitauro yose pamutemo. Pfungwa iri kubhadhara kuchinjwa ruzivo kuti voruzhinji kufambiswa kunodiwa.

June 8, 2007 United Nations akaita chisarudzo chokuita basa dzevanhu zvinhu kushanda mariri. Panguva iyoyo gwaro racho nemaune akasimbisa yakakwirira kukosha wakaenzana zvose pasina chaakasiya; mitauro 6 pamutemo.

4 October, 2010 Munyori General akagadzirira mushumo pamusoro multilingualism, uye pashure inenge mitanhatu, General Assembly vamukumbira kupa nevimbiso kuti zvose mitauro yepamutemo uye kushanda dzeUN vakaenzana, kuti ivo zvinhu zvakakodzera kuti kwomuzvarirwo inoshanda yavo vasikwa. Zvisinei, simba dzakawanda chisarudzo iyo yakati kuti kukura pamutemo Website of United Nations (pamusoro chikamu multilingualism) kunoitika panguva imwe nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva kumhanya kupfuura kare envisaged.

UN unyanzvi masangano

Zvinozivikanwa kuti panguva UN kune masangano akazvimirira kana masangano anoshanda autonomously. Masangano aya anosanganisira Somuenzaniso, UNESCO, Wezvose. Postal Union, uye vamwe. Zvinokosha kuona kuti mune mitauro pamutemo dzeUN kuzvimirira mitumbi anogona kunzi sezvo mimwe mitauro. Saka, Wezvose. Postal Union anofanira kushandisa chete French, ndiyo chete yepamutemo. Pana UNESCO, nekusiyana, zviri pamutemo mitauro mapfumbamwe, kusanganisira Portuguese uye vokuItaly, uyewo Hindi. IFAD ane mitauro mina chete kushandiswa nenhengo dzaro panguva pamutemo chechetere. Arabic ichi, French uye Chirungu.

mitauro Coordinator

Kare muna 1999, General Assembly yakaitwa kukumbira Munyori General kuburikidza kuitwa chisarudzo, rakanga akakumbira vagadze mukuru mukuru pakati Secretariat uye kugadzwa kwake. On ichi pamutemo basa basa ekufambisa zvinhu zvose zvine chokuita multilingualism.

December 6, 2000 panzvimbo yokutanga iyi akanga agadzwa Federico Resko Chile. Akatevera mutsinhanisi kuti multilingualism vakava Miles Stobi Guyana, uyo akagadzwa kuti nezvenzvimbo 6 September 2001.

Shashi Terur akagadzwa mutsinhanisi muna 2003, Kofi Annan. iye Parallel iyi, akanga achiri avimbiswa sezvo Deputy Secretary-General kubata nyaya kukurukurirana uye voruzhinji mashoko.

Pari pambiru Coordinator kuti Multilingualism Kiyo Akasakaakasakapa anobva Japan. Sezvakangoita Shashi Terur, iye Chine basa rake pambiru Musoro Division pakati Public Information.

mutauro mazuva

Kubvira 2010, CM vaipemberera anonzi mazuva mutauro, imwe neimwe iyo aiendeswa mumwe matanhatu pamutemo UN mitauro. Muchirongwa aya anotsigirwa weDhipatimendi Public Information, kuti vachengete mitauro kusiyana sangano, uyewo kuwana ruzivo uye mashoko kukosha intercultural nhaurirano. Ose zuva imwe mutauro chokuita chero chinokosha chiitiko chakaitika munyika mutauro.

• Arabic - December 18 - musi kutsunga mutauro Arabic sechinhu mutauro unonyanya UN.
• Russian - June 6 - zuva yokuberekwa AS Pushkin.
• Chirungu - April 23 - musi yokuberekwa Shakespeare.
• Spanish - October 12 - ". Columbus Day" runoonekwa muSpain
• China - April 20 - rokukudza Cangjie.
• French - 20 March - zuva pakusikwa International.

Parallel pamwe European Union

The European Union - mumwe mukuru mitauro sangano rine dzakawanda. Pose Munyika idzi, Chokwadi, mutauro. Saka, muri ichi pane chikuru mutemo kuti mitauro yose iri pokuita nyika vakaenzana. Zvinyorwa zvose uye zvinyorwa zvinofanira kuitwa mumitauro iyi, kuti zvakakodzera kutamiswa. Zvisinei, pamwe kukura Union uye nechekuita mukugarisana dzimwe nyika (kuchamhembe dzekuma Scandinavia uye Eastern), izvi vechikamu matsva havadikanwi neEuropean Union, achivapa yepamutemo chinzvimbo, tuzvikonzero ichi nokuziva chero mitauro mikuru. Izvi vanoonekwa kuva mubatanidzwa Chirungu, German, wokuItaly, French uye Spanish. Zvechokwadi, akadaro chinzvimbo nhengo itsva sangano kunosimbiswa chokuti anenge ose vamiriri vane ruzivo yakanaka kupfuura mumwe izvi mitauro. Vazhinji nhengo itsva vanosarudza kutaura Chirungu. Uyezve, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti European Union kupfuura zamu vatsigiri multilingualism - ndiko French.

Kushandisa mitauro mukuru nemamwe masangano dzakawanda

Mamwe masangano dzakawanda, somuenzaniso, dzidzira mune zvokutengeserana zvemitambo, uyewo vamwe vanowanzotevedzera kurishandisa Chirungu, asi mukuwedzera, zviri yakati kakawanda kushandiswa mutauro French, iye mukuru munzvimbo dzakawanda.

Masangano International vane remunharaunda scale, Anonyanyowanika akashandisa mutauro kwese yavo dzinza kana chitendero sezvamunoita. Somuenzaniso, mune masangano wechiMuslim vanoshandisa mutauro Arabic, uye huru chikamu non-Muslim Africa rinoshandiswa sezvo mitauro kushandiswa kana French kana Chirungu (a simba guru akasiya yaitonga kare).

Chido kuwana mamwe mitauro yepamutemo chinzvimbo panguva UN

Munguva ichangopfuura, mitauro munyika yebasa UN vanoda kuva mimwe mitauro yakawanda. Kodzero iyi, nyika dzakawanda dziri kutambura. Saka, pakati nyika idzi vangazivikanwa Turkey, Portugal, India uye nevamwe. Muna 2009, sezvo mutauro mutsva yepamutemo akanga aronga Bengali, iro rakava rechinomwe pakati anotaurwa zvikuru mitauro. Munguva waitsigira Prime Minister of Bangladesh.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti akawandisa vanhu kutaura Hindi, India Chido kutungamirira paumbwe mutauro somukuru mukuru akabatwa. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa chokuti Hindi zvikuru shoma kupararira pamusoro nyika, uye akapotsa vose vanhu vanotaura izvozvo, vari pfungwa munzvimbo ehurumende.

Paiva panyaya iri sarudzo sezvo mukuru mutauro unonyanya - Esperanto, izvo vaizotsiviwa mitauro zvose zviripo, nokudaro kuderedza Mari bhajeti sangano, achiponesa neshanduro.