System CAD: kusika chinangwa, akafanana uye mamiriro

CAD hurongwa vanopa CAD hurongwa iyo inoshandiswa siyana zvakagadzirwa nzira, kushandisa zvigadzirwa kombiyuta. Uyewo, vachishandisa software iyi pave zviripo uye magadzirirwo mapepa nomumwe pakuvaka zvinhu kana kuvaka. Modern CAD hurongwa anoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana minda nezvebasa murume ano, uye akapotsa mumwe nomumwe ane yayo rakasiyana mhando munowanika.

Chii?

Kazhinji rakapfupikiswa CAD anoonekwa kuti mureza Chirungu-mutauro analoginen pamusoro CAD rokuti, asi chaizvoizvo hazvina kudaro. CAD hurongwa haagoni kunzi somunhu kwakakwana CAD analogue sezvo hwokugadzira-yesangano hurongwa, sezvo izvi zvinotungamirira GOST wokuti ari kwezvipimo mutauro Chirungu nerechiHebheru rokuti "kombiyuta Ichibatsirwa kugadzira". Saka, muna Chirungu, rokuti CAD rakashandurwa zvakawanda somunhu CAE ezvinhu, asi mune dzinoverengeka dzimwe zvinyorwa akaratidza kuti izwi CAE chinhu Generic izwi zvinosanganisira kushandiswa upi Michina kombiyuta engineering, uyewo kusanganisira Cam uye CAD.

Nei izvozvo?

CAD hurongwa anoshandiswa kunyanya kuti maximize ari kushanda zvakanaka uye negoho mainjiniya nokuvapa azere kushandisa michina yacho nemagadzirirwo uye kugadzirwa kudzidziswa. Saka, nemhaka yavo kushandiswa zvinotevera zvazvakanakira:

• yekudyidzana kunoderedza patani nguva;
• kuderedza uwandu basa zvinodiwa mukuronga uye magadzirirwo;
• Sezvineiwo kunoderedza zvinonyatsorehwa mutengo mukugadzira uye magadzirirwo, izvo zvakananga rinokanganisa uchishandisa mari;
• kuwedzera hwokugadzira uye zvoupfumi pamwero, uyewo unhu zvibereko pabasa basa;
• achidzikisa mutengo inodiwa kunovhenekwa uye renguva pamwero simulation.

Sezvo chiyamuro ano CAD-hurongwa kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana waishandiswa nezivo nenyanzvi vari kuita kugadzirisa zvabuda, kutanga dzakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzirwa zvinodiwa, ongororo yacho design, ayo kuchinja uye boka zvimwe zvinhu.

Implementation ane zvoga zvakagadzirwa hurongwa rinoshandisirwa sezvo chine mabhuku aakanga magadzirirwo inopiwa, uye mimwe kuswedera uye-dimensional matatu Modelling pezvivako kana kura uye sandara nhengo.

Kazhinji, asi zvaunoda CAD-hurongwa zvinosanganisira-dimensional matatu kuvaka simulation modules, uyewo kugadzirwa vanodhirowa umhare siyana rwezuva magwaro.

Ivo dzinoiswa zvikurukuru maererano parameters akawanda:

• siyana uye mhando chinhu;
• padanho kushandisa michina yacho nemagadzirirwo kwacho;
• kunzwisisa chinhu vasikwa;
• Integrated kushandisa michina acho;
• uwandu magwaro kushandiswa;
• hunhu magwaro;
• uwandu zvese izvo uchava aripo ari maumbirwo logistics.

aida chinangwa

Zvichienderana worudzii vakaziva mabasa ose CAD-hurongwa, vari mapoka mapoka akawanda:

• Kushandisa michina yacho-dimensional matatu kana maviri-dimensional geometric design, uyewo kusikwa siyana rwokugadzirwa uye magadzirirwo mapepa.
• Design uye pakusika zvimwe vanodhirowa.
• Kuramba geometric Modelling.
• Kushandisa michina akasiyana okugadzira Masvomhu, kuita munhu simba simulation, uye simulation kuongorora uye pezvakaitwa zvokunyama chete unozotevera ongororo uye Optimization mishonga.
• Subclass zvinoreva CAE, kushandiswa kombiyuta kuongorora.
• Zvinoreva kuti muzvigadzirwa kugadzirira kugadzirwa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, vachibvumira michina yacho zvirongwa nzira uye zvakare kutonga midziyo pamwe kusanduka zvoga kugadzirwa hurongwa kana michina.
• Rinoreva kuti kushandisa michina rwekuronga pezvakaitwa, pezvakaitwa yakasiyana inoshandiswa panguva panosangana Cam uye CAD enyika.

Most CAD hurongwa anogona nokubatanidza mhinduro nezvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo chokuita zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chokuita design - chinhu kunzwisisa uye Integrated gadziriro kombiyuta-Ichibatsirwa zvakagadzirwa (CAD).

The vakawanda vaibvuma dzakawanda kupatsanura

Modern kupatsanura anovapavhurira navo muzvikamu akawanda:

• pavanoteka vaifarira ezvinhu, anotanga kuoneka manonwe remakore rapfuura, asi achiri anogona kushandiswa mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu;
• hurongwa, kusika-dimensional matatu yemagetsi yokutevedzera zvinhu apo zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana chokuita simulation kusvikira kugadzirwa muitiro;
• maitiro kuburikidza iyo inotsigira pfungwa zvizere yemagetsi chinhu tsananguro.

Wokupedzisira mhando ndiyo ano kuti kunovimbisa kugadzirwa uye kutevera-up rutsigiro mashoko zvemagetsi muenzaniso padzimba dzaro lifecycle, kusanganisira Conceptual uye hwakadzama design, uzere yokutengesa, kugadzira, ano kudzidzisa, kushanda, uye marara uye kugadziriswa.

Naizvozvo, In hwokugadzira uye sayenzi mabhuku yanhasi, uyewo siyana ehurumende mitemo chidimbu CAD ikarapwa se "kombiyuta Ichibatsirwa kugadzira", asi vakawanda chaizvo pano unoenderana pfungwa "mamiriro kushandisa michina zvakagadzirwa basa," asi zviri zvakaoma kunzwisisa, inowanikwa sezvakarayirwa zvishoma . It zvinowanzoitika kuti nokutsvaka nemagadzirirwo CAD mugadziriro, uchaona ane kururama kududzirwa "pakombiyuta-Ichibatsirwa zvakagadzirwa hurongwa", kunyange chokwadi chiri nomuzvarirwo chakaipa. Usakanganwa kuti pfungwa "otomatiki" inopa zvachose yakazvimirira kushanda wegadziriro pasina kudikanwa chero kupindira kwevanhu, asi CAD achiri zvinoda aurayiwe zvimwe mabasa nomurume pachake, uye kushandisa michina yakakwana rinongoshandisirwa kwemamwe maitirwo ezvinhu uye kushanda .

Kwete chaizvo wazvo Chinhu chakadai "The Software-Ichibatsirwa kugadzira", sezvo inogona kunzi zvakare kusanyatsotsanangurwa chakabatikana. Chokwadi, panguva ino CAD vaiona sechituso kushanda Software vanoenderana basa basa, asi chaizvoizvo ari mumhuri mabhuku uye siyana CAD ehurumende mitemo kunoonekwa sechinhu-dimensional matatu pfungwa, izvo zvinosanganisira Software Ezvemutauro kwete chete.

CAD ari dentistry

Ruzhinji ano mazino makiriniki anoshandisa CAD. CAD-hurongwa inoshandiswa dentistry nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi yepamusoro dentures kwemakore anopfuura gumi inoshandiswa kugadzira abutments kuti anodyara, korona uye ose prostheses, zvose zvezvinhu izvi vane yokuisvonaka uye yakakwirira nemazvo. Musimboti zvigadzirwa ichi iri chokwadi kuti pakutanga kuitwa-dimensional matatu Modelling rokusika mazano pamusoro kombiyuta, uye chete ipapo, uchishandisa magadzirirwo womuenzaniso, riri kugadzirwa pazuva azvikuya chikwata.

Naizvozvo, vanachiremba vemazino vanogamuchira mikana yakawanda nokuda kushandiswa yaro CAD michina. CAD-hurongwa mu dentistry chinonyanya inowanzoshandiswa sezvinotevera:

• First chiremba anoita kubviswa chakakandirwa, iyo zvino vakatuma murabhoritari;
• pashure wakurukura imwe chakakandirwa anoiswa rinokosha scanner kuumba muenzaniso remangwana chigadzirwa;
• Anouya-CAD-maitiro: 3D-womuenzaniso iri rinochinjwa kuva faira chaiyo kuti rive rine mashoko nokuda azvikuya chikwata;
• Uchishandisa zvichiguma mufananidzo, kufamba hadzisisina vakatakura chitunha zvaAtemisi clapper chaiyo yakagadzirwa zirconium oxide;
• pakupedzisira zvichiguma kwazvo furemu rakafukidza zvedongo muviri uye akabika.

CAD / Cam-wemuTesitamende mazino korona kubvumira kugadzira kubva zirconia, izvo zvichisiyana vazhinji simbi zvigadzirwa zvakanakira. By pachavo, zvigadzirwa izvi vane ungamboti kusiyana ruvara dzinongoitika meno sezvo ruvara kusarudzwa ichiri nedanho pepuranga kugadzirwa. kwazvo Uyezve chinokosha puranga zvemapuranga zvedongo muviri ane translucent uye chiedza läpinäkyvä chimiro, uye kunosanganisirawo mukati ayo palette zvakakwana akasiyana-siyana, nokudaro kuwana gadzira nekorona Similar zvoga mazino.

Roga, iro zirconium oxide ane mukuru biocompatibility, kunyange kana zvichienzaniswa anokosha simbi, uye inomirira gippoallergenny zvinhu, riri nekusimbiswa nzira dzinoverengeka nesayenzi kunotoda tsvakurudzo. Asi chokwadi, korona kwakavakirwa zirconium oxide zveupfumi havasi chete mhando mishonga, iyo inoshandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi CAD / Cam-hurongwa. Cnc machine kwakavakirwa ruzivo izvi zvinobvumira kuti:

• siyana mabhiriji;
• kwenguva pfupi korona;
• nomumwe abutments.

Kunze kare kutaurwa zirconia ari kugadzira muitiro inogona kushandiswa dzakasiyana-siyana nezvinhu, kusanganisira mapurasitiki, waxes, cobalt, titanium, chromium.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira?

ruzivo izvi kubatsira zvakadai:

• Kufadza zvinoita nemazvo mukugadzira zvidiki zvarakasiya;
• Full kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pezvakaitwa, izvo anenge anobvisa mukana zvikanganiso;
• kukwanisa kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana nezvinhu;
• mukana Modelling kurapa uye kugadzirwa zvinhu kunzvimbo dzakasiyana;
• shoma negoho mberi chero kwendangariro.

CAD mune zvokuimba ouinjiniya

CAD-maitiro (T-FLEX CAD, etc.) awana zvakarurama kwakapararira mumunda engineering maindasitiri, izvo anosiyana matatu nhanho - rezasi, nechepakati uye yokumusoro. kuparadzana uku akazviratidza kwezana eighties uye nineties wekupedzisira remakore.

Rezasi pamwero rinosanganisira CAD / Cam / CAE-ezvinhu ane diki ukoshi, iyo ainyanya nezvatinovavarira kuna 2D-Graphics, kuti nechinangwa kunyanya panguva kuona kuti kushandisa michina richiswedera mabasa. Somunhu waishandiswa rutsigiro yemapapu CAD hurongwa akashandisa makombiyuta, izvo kare panguva iyoyo yekudyidzana muduku functionality mumwe dzakazara workstation.

repamusoro-pamwero gadziriro, kana, sezvo ivo anowanzonzi, zvikuru CAD, zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa pana workstations siyana kana mainframes. Izvi Hurongwa vaiva zvikuru-chinja, asi panguva imwe chete uye aiva hwakanyatsorwisa kudhura, kunyanya tichifunga pamusoro uye rakasimba Modelling. Kuita siyana dzinocherwa mapepa kazhinji kuitwa pre-kukura aikosha geometry ose-dimensional matatu yokutevedzera. Pashure paizvozvo, mamiriro ezvinhu umo mashandiro 3D-Modelling aihuitira chete yokutevedzera zvikukutu, kureva, achitora chinhu zvenguva nzvimbo pakati rinorema uye chiedza, akawana dzavo, paavhareji chechetere.

Pari, kukura CAD Software akatotanga kwakatungamirira kuti dzakawanda midrange vakatanga kuonekwa chinokosha pamusoro Modelling maturusi uye zvinhu zviri kushandiswa pachedu makombiyuta, uyewo zvava anogamuchirwa ano yakakwirira-pamwero enyika. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, kunyange akachinja mitemo icho kwokutanga vakatakura akasiyana svikiro uye inorema nehurongwa. Modern rinorema pamwero CAD-hurongwa zvino anowanzonzi CAE / CAD / Cam / PDM, ndiko kuti, avo panguva imwe chete kusanganisira zvinhu zvakadai:

• zviripo uye ouinjiniya magadzirirwo;
• ouinjiniya ongororo;
• kuronga ronga mashoko;
• rakawedzerwa chaiyo Software modules.

Mukusiyana, yazvino gadziriro chechetere yechipiri inonzi choruzhinji, mid-siyana kana Serial.

imwe pamwero ezvinhu anogona kunzi musi functionality inenge zvakafanana, sezvo vamwe zviitiko itsva kuti kuitika imwe purogiramu yakarongeka kunzwisisa, munguva yemberi iri pedyo achange chinozoiswa mushanduro itsva vamwe. The CAD makambani makuru kakawanda akaita chokubatanidza akawanda mugadziriro yakasiyana siyana. Kazhinji ichi ndicho nokuti kuti anenge magadzirirwo nzira dzinogona kuitwa musi CAD-hurongwa, nepakati uye ezasi zvese, uye kuwedzera, rinorema kwazvo dzinodhura. Chikonzero ichi kuti mabhizimisi kutenga rezinesi zvirongwa pamusoro-pamwero mune zvakanaka vashoma, uye ruzhinji hwemazuva mutengi bwezvingoro inopiwa rezasi uye pakati mumatunhu.

Saka kazhinji zvinoitika kuti CAD / CAE-hurongwa vanogona matambudziko maererano mashoko pakati exchange, asi matambudziko akadai kugadziriswa nokushandisa dzinokosha zvinogona uye mitauro akatorwa CALS-zvigadzirwa, kunyange nokuda undistorted kupararira geometrical mashoko Via zvenguva mitauro kwezvipimo kukunda mamwe matambudziko.

mamiriro

Kungofanana neimwe hurongwa yakaoma, CAD zvinosanganisira subsystems akawanda anogona projecting kana SERVICING.

Chokutanga airevawo pakarepo Implementation-siyana chirongwa mabasa. Sezvo muenzaniso subsystem kwakadaro kunogona kukonzera-dimensional matatu geometric Modelling yamarudzi ose zvemaziso zvinhu redunhu pachisara mukusika magadzirirwo mapepa kana pcb chero yeimwe.

Kushumira subsystems yakagadzirirwa nechokwadi chakaipa nokushanda fungidziro, uye mubatanidzwa wavo kazhinji pakati nyanzvi inonzi wegadziriro CAD kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvo randinenge kushumira subsystems anowanzoshandiswa Database utariri kugadzirwa data, subsystems siyana pakukura kwaizotevera dzigadziridzwe CASE software, uyewo kudzidzisa chakagadzirirwa aivabatsira kutanga zvigadzirwa vanoshandisa, rakatangwa muna CAD.

Yokuronga patsva siyana zvinhu akabvumira kuoneka mhando CAD software, izvo nhasi emit nomwe chete:

• Nokuraramisa, izvo zvinosanganisira siyana Hardware ;
• akarongeka, tichibatanidza siyana kwemasvomhu nzira, algorithms uye mhando;
• software, CAD ndiye purogiramu yepakombiyuta;
• Information, rinosanganisira Database, izvi Database utariri maitiro uye muzvizhinji nevamwe mashoko anoshandiswa magadzirirwo kwacho;
• mitauro, akaratidza sezvo mutauro wokukurukurirana pakati kombiyuta uye vagadziri, mitauro chinjanai Data pakati CAD uye michina achishandisa mapurogiramu mitauro;
• yakarongeka, izvo zvinosanganisira marudzi ose zvakagadzirwa michina;
• sangano, akaita muchimiro basa rondedzero, staffing nemamwe magwaro, achibatsirwa iyo mitemo yebasa zvakagadzirwa Enterprises.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti zvose mashoko rinoshandiswa pamasikiro kwacho, asi vanachiremba akadana Information Facility CAD. A Database ane akarayira akagadzirwa data, izvo zvinoreva siyana zvinoitwa zvinhu zvavo ukama neimwe nyaya nzvimbo. Kuwana Database chidzidzo, kurekodha kwaizotevera date kururamiswa chiri kuitwa kuburikidza Database, uye chine Databases uye Database anonzi Change NOK, ndiwo mashoko kubhengi.

kupatsanura

CAD / Cam magadzirirwo hurongwa dzinoiswa maererano dzakasiyana-siyana zvinhu zvakadai chikumbiro, magumo kushandiswa, pakafunuka (sei mabasa akaoma zviri kugadziriswa), uye hunhu chikuru subsystem.

Nokuti mafomu pakati zvikuru nevanhu uye mumiririri CAD ndiko kupa zvinotevera mapoka:

• kushandiswa mumunda vakawanda okugadzira (kwavakazvidza dzinonzi muchina-kuvaka);
• kushandiswa mumunda Electronics;
• anoshandiswa kuvaka uye mapurani.

Uyezve, munewo vazhinji unyanzvi hwakasiyana gadziriro kana dzinounzwa kuna mapoka aya, kana munhu zvizere akazvimirira bazi kupatsanura. Somuenzaniso yokufananidzira, chikuru CAD revatema nematunhu, zvemagetsi michina, ndege uye nevamwe vanoverengeka.

Kutambudzwa akasiyana nomumwe Hardware uye yakarongeka zvivako, kusanganisira kunzwisisa cheki simba siyana zvemaziso zvigadzirwa maererano finite chinhu nzira kana zvakaoma bvunzo hushande uyewo nehurongwa ane rakasiyana mapurani Software kwete chete asiwo rwokugadzira rutsigiro.

Basic subsystem

Pane zvinotevera mhando CAD:

• Based subsystem pamusoro geometric Modelling uye kombiyuta Graphics. Kwakadaro CAD hurongwa Anonyanyowanika nezvatinovavarira siyana mafomu, iyo sezvo huru magadzirirwo nzira anoita kuvaka, kuti ari tsanangudzo spatial siyana, uyewo yakawiriranwa nzvimbo yacho chinhu zvakajeka. Ndokusaka boka iri rinosanganisira zhinji Exchange pamusoro zvokuimba engineering, yakavakirwa pachishandiswa Graphics cores. Munguva yedu, zvakaita kazhinji zvakakwana kushandisa vabatana Graphics core.
• Pahwaro yacho Database. Vari ainyanya nezvatinovavarira kune zvikumbiro umo pane mukana wokudzidza husina masvomhu, zvakakwana kuti ribude yakawanda mashoko. Vanogona kazhinji kuwanika hwokugadzira uye zvoupfumi mafomu, akadai magadzirirwe dzebhizimisi urongwa, asi kazhinji vari kushandiswa uye pamasikiro guru zvinhu zvakadai kudzora ukomba mu otomatiki gadziriro.

Uyezve, panewo Integrated CAD, rinosanganisira subsystem dzokutambura marudzi ose. Sezvo mienzaniso chaiyo yakadaro gadziriro dzakaoma ndewe mashoko software, iro zvinowanzoshandiswa injiniya ano, kana CAD LSI. The yokupedzisira inosanganisira wayo sezvamunoita uye yakakwirira DBMS subsystem, chadzo pfungwa zvinoriumba uye magadzirirwo, crystals topology, uyewo bvunzo kuti ongorora kururama kwemashoko kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa. Kuti nechokwadi zvakakodzera utariri purogiramu yakaoma yakadaro, akasarudza kushandisa unyanzvi hurongwa runyararo.