Social sainzi - ndiko? Chii kudzidza sayenzi munzanga. System of Social Sciences

Science, sezvo muchimiro ruzivo uye tsananguro zvenyika inongogara Virtual: uwandu maindasitiri ayo uye ari kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kunyatsoyeuka chinoratidza ichi muitiro kukura sayenzi magariro iyo kupa zvose zvitsva zvokushanda upenyu munzanga ano. Ndezvipi? Hunomirira nyaya yavo yokudzidza? More pamusoro ichi kuverenga nyaya.

mumagariro sainzi

Pfungwa iyi yakabuda nekaupenyu achangobva. Masayendisiti vaiti kwayakatangira kuti kukura nesayenzi zvavo, yakatanga muna 16-17 remakore. Panguva iyoyo sayenzi akamira pamusoro yayo nzira kukura, kubatanidza uye kuchipedza negadziriro yose ekunyebera kwesayenzi ruzivo, iyo yakaumbwa panguva iyoyo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mumagariro sayenzi - ari RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA gadziriro zivo yesayenzi, izvo kwayo hwaro rine nhamba anoranga. Basa racho misoro kudzidza boka uye aro constituent zvinhu.

Kufambira kukura uye kunzwisisa muchikwata ichi kunoisawo matambudziko matsva nesayenzi kare vaviri emakore. The kwaita itsva masangano, kuwedzera kunzwisisa evanhu ukama uye ukama zvinoda kutanga Mapato itsva, achitanga dependencies uye mapatani, okutanga mapazi matsva uye Sub-nemapazi ichi mhando zivo yesayenzi.

Chii kudzidza?

Mhinduro yomubvunzo iwoyo iri nyaya Social Sciences, rave vakaradzikwa pachake. Chikamu ichi ruzivo yesayenzi chinotaura kuedza yakwo zvakadaro kunzwisisa pfungwa sezvo munzanga. Chaizvoizvo Its kunoratidzwa zvizere anoonga kukura evanhu.

The yokupedzisira kunowanzokonzerwa kukurukurwa sezvinoitwa sayenzi munzanga. Zvisinei, yakadaro wakafara dudziro yacho nyaya chirango haibvumiri kunzwisisa izvozvo zvakakwana.

Rudzii kwenzanga uye evanhu?

Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu akaedza kupa vaongorori vakawanda zvose panguva uye zvekare emakore. Contemporary wemagariro evanhu anogona "kuzvikudza" akawandisa nedzidziso uye pfungwa, anotsanangura musimboti pfungwa "vanhu". The yokupedzisira anogona hahuzi chete kana mumwe chete, mumwe chinodiwa pano kunosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofanira hazvo kuva nedanho kwokukurukurirana. Ndokusaka nhasi, masayendisiti nzanga "sumbu" zvose zvinobvira kubatana uye mukukurukurirana, vakakomba nyika hwevanhu. Govera zvinoverengeka zvakasiyana-siyana zvechadenga kambani:

• Kuvapo weumwe evanhu munharaunda hunoratidza evanhu divi upenyu, zvemagariro ndivanaani uye ukama dzakasiyana siyana mukukurukurirana.
• Kuvapo regulators, izvo evanhu vanodana zvemagariro masangano, yokupedzisira ndiyo akatsiga zvikuru kubatana uye ukama. Muenzaniso unoshamisa imwe yunivhesiti yakadaro ndiyo mhuri.
• Kunyanya munzanga nzvimbo. Where zvinoshanda miganhu muboka, sezvo vanhu vanogona kuenda mberi pavo.
• Yokugutsikana - tsika zvinobatsira kusiyanisa vanhu kubva mamwe magariro idzodzo zvakafanana.

Kufunga An raputika maonero huru Mapato nezvemagariro evanhu, rinogona kuratidzwa uye pfungwa rive sainzi. Haisi sayenzi munzanga, asi chinhu Integrated hurongwa ruzivo pamusoro siyana evanhu masangano, ukama, nharaunda.

sayenzi vanhu kudzidza Social, pova-siyana kumiririrwa pake. Mumwe inokurukura chinhu noruoko rwake; enyika sayenzi - enyika, upfumi - zvoupfumi, zvetsika nemagariro - tsika, etc ...

zvinokonzera

Kubvira muzana remakore rechi16, kukura ruzivo yesayenzi ndiko zvakakwana simba uye epakati rechi19 sayenzi dhipatimendi remakore ane muitiro Kusiyanisa ari kuchengetwa. Musimboti ichi ndechokuti, maererano nezivo nesayenzi vakatanga kutora kuumba munhu maindasitiri. Hwaro inotungamirwa kwavo uye, chaizvoizvo, chikonzero kuparadzana yakanga kusarudzwa chinhu, chinhu uye nzira kutsvakurudza. Pahwaro izvi zvinoumba anoranga akavakirwa maviri makuru mabhora cheupenyu, hunhu uye nzanga.

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvinoerera kubva ruzivo rwesayenzi zviri kunzi pasocial nesayenzi? Izvi chikuru kuchinja zvakaitika munyika muna 16-17 remakore. Zvino anotanga inotungamirwa kwayo muchimiro nayo hwaponeswa kusvikira nhasi. Kutsiva yechinyakare hurongwa tsika vanhu kunouya mukanyiwa kuti zvinoda zvakawedzera hanya pacharo, nekuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kwete chete kunzwisisa evanhu urongwa, asi kuti kukwanisa kubata navo.

Chimwe chiri kuita kuti chidzoke sciences magariro yave kushingaira kusimudzira zvepanyama, izvo zviri zvimwe nzira "wakatsamwisa" ari kubuda rokutanga. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mumwe zvainyanya zivo esayenzi mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, yakanga anonzi nyore kunzwisisa nzanga uye kwemasayendisiti kuitika mairi. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha nzira iyi yaiva kuti masayendisiti anoongorora magariro evanhu akaedza kutsanangura achirifananidza Mapato uye nzira sayenzi yepanyama. Zvadaro pane evanhu kuti ayo musiki - Ogyust Kont - kuti mumagariro wefizikisi. A musayendisiti kudzidza muvanhu anoedza kushandisa nayo nzira dzinongoitika nezvesayenzi. Saka, munzanga sainzi - ndiko kwegadziriro ruzivo yesayenzi kuti kwakasimbiswa pashure dzinongoitika (dzinongoitika) uye vakava pasi yayo zvakananga simba.

Kukura sayenzi evanhu

Kukurumidza kukura zivo munzanga rechi19 - kwezana remakore rechi20 rakanga nokuda chido kuwana chidhiraivho zvavo kukurumidza kuchinja nyika. Science, kwete kurarama pamwe tsanangudzo evanhu zvinhu uye pezvakaitwa kuona kusawirirana uye shoma. Inotungamirwa uye kukura sayenzi evanhu anopa mhinduro dzemibvunzo yakawanda vekare uye chipo. New pezvakaitwa uye mananara kuti kuitika munyika, ugodana nzira itsva kuti kudzidza uye kushandisa matsva ruzivo uye unyanzvi. izvi zvose kunomutsa kukura vose ruzivo rwesayenzi zvavo, uye sayenzi evanhu zvikurukuru.

Yandakapiwa riwedzere nekuda kukura sayenzi evanhu vava dzinongoitika, unofanira kufunga sei kusiyanisa umwe kubva kune umwe.

The sainzi zvakasikwa uye vanhu: nevamwe unhu

Musiyano mukuru, izvo zvinoita kuti titi ichi kana kuti ruzivo kune imwe boka, zviri Chokwadi, chinangwa pakudzidza. Nemamwe mashoko, zvinoreva kuteerera chinotungamirwa nesayenzi, muchiitiko ichi, zvakasiyana mabhora maviri kuvapo.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti sayenzi dzinongoitika vavapo pamberi kuruzhinji, uye nzira dzavo simba pamusoro pokumuka nzira kare. kukura kwayo kwakaitika imwe zvishande yakasiyana mutsetse - nokunzwisisa kwemasayendisiti kuitika munharaunda, kusiyana netsanangudzo zvinopiwa maererano nesayenzi hwezvisikwa.

Chimwe chinhu kuti rinosimbisa kusiyana sayenzi dzinongoitika uye munzanga, ndiyo inonzi zvinhu sezvazviri kuti nedanho cognition. Muchiitiko chokutanga musayendisiti riri mhiri nyaya yokudzidza, kukaona "kubva kunze". In wechipiri kazhinji pacharo ubatanidzwe kwemasayendisiti zvinoitika munharaunda. Pano zvinhu sezvazviri kunosimbiswa nemashoko tichienzanisa yezvisikwa tsika uye dzemunharaunda: tsika, tsika, chitendero, zvematongerwe enyika uye vamwe.

Chii nesayenzi ari pachena?

Just dzinoti kuti pane zvimwe dambudziko kuona apo kureva imwe nesayenzi. ruzivo nesayenzi yemazuva uderedze vanonzi interdisciplinary kana sayenzi kwereta unyanzvi nepedyo. Ndokusaka dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kutakura sayenzi boka rimwe kana mumwe: sayenzi vose munzanga uye dzinongoitika vane nhamba hwounhu chinoita kuti pavo.

Sezvo sayenzi evanhu zvaitika mushure zvepanyama, panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa ayo kukura, masayendisiti akawanda vaidavira kuti kuongorora nzanga uye kwemasayendisiti zvichiitika zvichibvira, kushandisa dzinongoitika zvesayenzi. Muenzaniso mukuru ndiye evanhu, yainzi evanhu wefizikisi. Gare gare, pamwe kukura yayo ezvinhu nzira, zvemagariro (magariro) zvesayenzi vabva sayenzi yepanyama.

Chimwe zvakafanana chinoratidza izvi matavi nesayenzi, ndiko kuti mumwe nomumwe unowana chete nzira, kusanganisira ruzivo:

• System nesayenzi nzira dzakadai zvichiongororwa, Modelling, imwe kuedza;
• Kufunga nzira cognition. ari kuongorora uye kwetunhu, induction uye yaanobhadhara, etc.
• kuvimba nesayenzi chokwadi, kufunga uye kwemashoko nokutonga, kusiyana pfungwa dzakashandiswa uye kwokuomerwa tsanangudzo dzavo.

Uyewo, zvose munda nesayenzi zvakafanana sei akasiyana nemamwe marudzi uye mhando nezivo; ukoshi uye kwemashoko ari akagamuchira zivo, zvinhu sezvazviri, uye zvichingodaro ..

The maitiro wokuziva nesayenzi nezvezvinhu vanhu

dzimwe nguva The raora pamusoro sayenzi kudzidza vanhu ikashandiswa kupinda mumwe, unonzi civics. chirango ichi, kuva yakaoma, kunoita kuti pave nzwisiso kwenzanga uye nzvimbo munhu mairi. Zvinonzi akaumba pachishandiswa zivo siyana pazvinoitwa evanhu: upfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, tsika, zvepfungwa uye nevamwe. Nemamwe mashoko, mumagariro sainzi - ane Integrated nyika sayenzi zvemagariro, achiumba pfungwa yakadaro kunzwisisa uye siyana chakajairika, sezvinoita vanhu, basa uye basa iri munhu imomo.

Kupatsanura of Social Sciences

Pahwaro chii sayenzi evanhu chokuita chero pamwero nezivo pamusoro kambani kana kupa pfungwa zvinenge mabhora ose oupenyu, vatsvakurudzi akavakamura muzvikwata akawanda:

• Yokutanga inosanganisira avo sayenzi kuti kupa pfungwa mukuru munzanga, mitemo yayo kukura, chikuru zvinoriumba, etc. (evanhu, uzivi) ..;
• wechipiri rinofukidza avo anoranga kuti kuongorora chero rumwe munzanga (zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, tsika, magariro, etc ...);
• boka rechitatu unosanganisira sayenzi kuti kutekeshera munzvimbo dzose vanhu upenyu (kare, mutemo).

Dzimwe nguva sayenzi evanhu rakakamurwa zviviri: magariro uye rokubatsira vanhu. Vose vari titsigire, nekuti nzira imwe kana mumwe vari chokuita kambani. Wokutanga inechirevo kupfuura mukuru regularities munzanga urongwa, uye wechipiri inobatana kuzviitira padanho iyo inoongorora dzevanhu ayo tsika, motifs, zvinangwa, vavariro uye t. D.

Saka, unogona kuratidza kuti sayenzi evanhu vari kudzidza vamwevo, zvakawanda broadly, sezvo chikamu zvinhu nyika, asiwo yakamanikana - pachiyero ehurumende, rudzi, mhuri, shamwari kana magariro mapoka.

sayenzi yakakurumbira pasocial

Sezvo nzanga dzemazuva ano munhu zvakarurama kunzwisisa uye siyana chakajairika, ongorora payo yechinangwa chirango imwe hazvibviri. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa ndechokuti nhamba ukama uye kubatana munyika nhasi iri rakakura. Isu chiso vose upenyu hwedu mabhora akadai upfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, mutemo, tsika, mutauro, nhoroondo, etc. Zvose izvi kusiyana kuratidzwa pachena sei-chinja nzanga dzemazuva ano ... Saka zvinoita kuti vauye sayenzi dzinenge 10 evanhu, chimwe nechimwe kunoratidzwa mumwe mapato munzanga: evanhu, zvematongerwo sainzi, nhoroondo, dzezvoupfumi, mutemo, pedagogy, tsika zvidzidzo, zvepfungwa, jogirafi, anthropology.

Hapana mubvunzo kuti kwainyanya mashoko pamusoro kambani iri evanhu. Kuti Rinozivisa musimboti ichi chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda chinhu kudzidza. Uyewo nhasi, mukurumbira zvakakwana akawana sainzi enyika, izvo inechirevo enyika bhora.

Mutemo unobvumidza kuti kudzidzira waidzora ukama munzanga achibatsirwa mitemo mufambiro enshrined muchimiro mutemo wehurumende. A zvepfungwa kunoita kuti uite izvi achibatsirwa nedzimwe nzira, kudzidza zvepfungwa revanhu, mapoka uye vanhu.

Saka, mumwe nomumwe evanhu zveBhaibheri 10 anoongorora kufambidzana rwake pakushandisa nzira dzavo.

Scientific Publications, rinobudisa kudzidza sayenzi evanhu

Chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira ndiyo inonzi "Social Science uye Modernity". Izvi nokure rimwe remabhuku shoma, izvo zvinoita kuti kusangana zvakawanda zvakasiyana nzvimbo ano wesayenzi munzanga. Pane nyaya iri nhoroondo uye evanhu, sayenzi enyika uye uzivi, tsvakurudzo, kukwidza dambudziko tsika uye mupfungwa urongwa.

The chikuru chepfungwa bhuku zvingangoguma pekugara uye kuongorora interdisciplinary tsvakurudzo, yakaitirwa pamharadzano dzenzira yeminda yesayenzi siyana. Nhasi nyika iri globalizing zvinodiwa wayo: musayendisiti anofanira kubuda wakamanikana pakupedzisira bhizimisi ravo uye kufunga zviri kuitika munyika kukura nzanga chete muviri.