Punching bvunzo ivhu. Engineering uye radio pakuvaka

Mukuita okuvaka kushanda kwezvivako zvakohwewa deformation, izvo zvingaita kuti shrinkage richangobva kuvakwa kwezvivako. Fani iyi kusingafadzi chaizvo, nokuti kuparadza chimiro makatsemuka kana chivakwa roll. Saka, kuti pangozi ake mberi oparesheni. Asi zvinokwanisika kuverenga shrinkage reshiyo, kuronga mwero deformation pakati sechivako nechimwe. Nokuti ichi uye kunze miedzo vachinyatsogona chikonzero.

The hunhu uye zvaidiwa nzira

Kutsunga of deformation zvivako ivhu iri sei haazvibati pasi guru kunofambira mberi zvinorema. Vanofanira kuziva kuti afanotaura kumwe compaction kana subsidence. Izvi zvinopindura rose chikwata unyanzvi.

chitambi kunovhenekwa nzira anopa migumisiro yakarurama kwazvo, naizvozvo mumwe kiyi chero mhando geotechnical basa. Kunyanya kana uri kuronga kuvaka pachivande zvivako kana nhurikidzwa dzakawanda. Rakarurama bvunzo Data iri nokudzorwa GOST.

The nzira kunoratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma dzakaoma inoratidza kushushikana, akatasva muvhu. Achibatsirwa dzinokosha mano, kuongororwa mutoro pamusoro pavo uye shrinkage takatsunga. Zvichienderana shrinkage ari chitambi rinowanikwa uye deformation zvivako ivhu.

inoratidza Test pamusoro vachifunga

Kusiyana vachifunga nzira, tsika ivhu nemiedzo inoda zvikuru wakaoma uye zvakasiyana kunzwisisa. Zvakakodzera midziyo uye zvokushandisa kazhinji kura uye vane yakawanda uremu. Uyezve, asati atanga basa zvakakodzera kuti agadzirire ivhu kunovhenekwa. The nguva chinhu zvakare kunokosha: kuti kuongorora mamiriro ivhu shrinkage, dzinoda-refu. Wedzera izvi zvakaoma kukarukureta payakavakirwa rinoda chaiyo data, akadai Poisson kuti reshiyo nokuda ivhu.

Ndokusaka nzira iyi haina kuiswa pakutanga geotechnical zvidzidzo, uye panguva padariro kupera ose basa apo kusarudzwa nzvimbo yokuvaka uye kukura zvivako zvakagadzirirwa. Zvinokosha kuziva kufadza pre-mutoro pasi pamwero uye kuverenga Geological zviri panzvimbo kukura. Uyewo kutarisira kukarukureta ari mhando nokudzika nheyo wacho Bookmarks. All mirayiro yakataurwa kuMudzidzisi ndima Standard.

Die miganhu uye avo nezvainoita deformation

Muna 1930 wakazvizivisa kuti kukura chitambi rinoshandiswa zvikuru unochinja ukuru deformation imwe rudzi ivhu. Somugumisiro tsvakurudzo Press mativi chidhindo ivhu uye jecha zvakagadzirwa mashoko anonakidza. Shrinkage haina kushanduka pasi ezvinhu mureza saizi chitambi :. Aine divi kubva 18 kusvika 30 masendimita kana miganhu yacho tsauka zvikuru kubva kwazvo izvi, kana pasi, vakawedzera shrinkage parameter.

Somugumisiro, Soviet Vanodzidza mureza vanofa hukuru kunge akaverenga, izvo kwemakore akawanda zvaishandiswa miedzo. Ichi sandara, kumativi uye zvakaoma tsikisa imwe nzvimbo 2.5, 5, uye 10 zviuru mativi masendimita. Kana uchida kushandisa chiduku chitambi, ane nzvimbo chete chiuru masendimita ^2, nharaunda yayo vachiwedzera kushoma tichishandisa chaiwo zvindori. Zvisinei, inoratidza duku dzinoshandiswa chete chaiyo nzvimbo, kunyanya kubva rig mumatsime.

Recommended kukura

Heano inoratidza inokurudzirwa, zvichienderana arambe achirema uye rwevhu:

• Clay, jecha, akasundira ivhu uye krupnoobmolochnye nomutoo arambe achirema -. Stamps 5 zviuru ^cm2 uye dhayamita 80 masendimita IL chinhu nevhu izvi ndizvo zvinopfuura 0.25 ..
• Clay uye jecha nevhu vachishandisa anofa ane nzvimbo nehafu dhayamita kusvika 57 cm. IL coefficient vane zvishoma pane 0.25.

Features deformability

Sarudza runodiwa nzira ivhu zvinogona kushandisa chaiyo chishandiso - pressuremeter. Kuti rinoshandiswa pasango achifa nemiedzo. midziyo iyi inobvumira kuti kuzivisa unhu mazhinji nevhu nemhaka yavo mhando.

Nokuti jecha, ivhu, makemikari ivhu kana ivhu krupnoobmolochnogo yakajeka deformation module. Clay nevhu rurefu mukana wokuti subsidence kwakaedzwa kwokutanga subsidence nevezera coefficient uye hama deformation.

The yemaitiro uchishandisa Poisson reshiyo

Kukarukureta ivhu kuramba migumisiro achifa yokuedzwa vagara vandifungira rinokosha inonyatsoita. Inoshandisa pamwero chaiyo, chinhu chimwe nechimwe erudzi. Inonzi Poisson kuti reshiyo uye yaiva zvinotevera tsika kuti dzinoita zvakasiyana:

• Parukangarabwe - 0,15.
• Poluskalnyh - 0.25.
• Krupnoobmolochny - 0.27.
• Sand - 0.3.
• Loam - 0.35.
• Clay - 0.42.

Poisson kuti reshiyo nokuti ivhu muzvirongwa nzira nokuda pakuverenga ari modulus kuti deformation. Asi, pasinei mhando uye rakarurama midziyo yaishandiswa, kukosha module ichi chinogona dzaona chete yakarurama chikamu. Pashure pezvose, mufambiro ivhu compressibility parameters izvo zvinoda kuonekwa, kwete kunokonzeresa. Naizvozvo, rikawira pasi dzidziso linearly deformable miviri.

Zvisinei, kuti modulus iri kugara, saka, achiziva, uyewo murwiyo uye zvivako ivhu, kuverenga padanho shrinkage okuvaka hazvimboiti kuti dambudziko.

Kuwedzera kuoma module, punching ivhu kuvhenekwa anogona kusarudza subsidence kana wetted uye pasi mumwe mutoro, dzinoratidza mwero dzinonetsa variables uye kufanotaura yezvakaita deformation kunetseka panguva oparesheni.

Zvokukura ivhu shrinkage

Panguva shrinkage nheyo ivhu zvaoma, izvo modeled pachishandiswa afa, govera mamwe matanho incremental.

• Seal. Primer compressed, izvo kunoderedza porosity unhu.
• Kusuduruka. Ivhu iri muganhu zvakanyatsoenzana, asi multiple inochinja pamusoro yehombodo nheyo.
• Kuparadzwa, zvachose kana yapera. The divi rusvingo ivhu kutanga kuputsa, iyo inotungamirira kuupenyu unozotevera deformation zvivako. Nedunhu riri misha pamwechete chitambi, uye chacho micheto kunoitika pombi pasi matombo. Kana mutoro pasi pa ichi mudariro kunowedzera, kunyange zvishoma, padanho kugozha iri kukura nokukurumidza.

Vamwe vatsvakurudzi zvepfungwa maviri chete zvokukura shrinkage, pasina pachena kuparadzana. Zvisinei, zvemazuva ano vanotozozviziva, nhasi unogona kubata nyore kunyange duku kuchinja ivhu mamiriro.

Kuda kutamba uye kubudiswa kubva vakapiwa mashoko

Chero ouinjiniya-Geological kuongorora pakuvaka kuzadzikiswa journaling, iro rine zvakakodzera mashoko. Heino uwandu shrinkage ose anofa pasi mutoro. Processing data, zvichienderana mhando midziyo yaishandiswa, anogona kuitwa manually kana achishandisa anokosha mano.

Kana bvunzo zvakakwana, humboo chinogadzirwa magwaro. Maererano migumisiro avo akaanyora Graphics, izvo zvinogona kurondwa kusvikira pakudyidzana kufurirwa uye kufa shrinkage.

Nuances kushanda uye matanho

Kune vamwe kuita zvimwe ari uwandu pachavo zvivako uye Houses to Rent dhayamita, nokudzorwa GOST. Uyezve, zvinokosha kuongorora pamwero zvakanaka verticality. Munguva basa rusvingo rwaro ngadzirambe pamwe casing.

Asati kugadzwa chitambi pakuuraya vari kucheneswa nokubatsira chinokosha michina. The pasi ipapo inova unotedza. Kana zvakakwana sandara pamusoro hakungagoni kukwanisika, jecha anoiswa 2-5 masendimita gobvu mutsago pamusoro payo, zvichienderana ivhu mhando.

Rokuparadza zvikuru muchibatirira neVadzidzi pasi anogona, izvozvo kakati kumativi crank ekisero. Pashure kugadzwa nokungwarira tarisa ukuru horizontality, uye ipapo vanopedza vamwe zvokushandisa installation.

Kuyera mwero shrinkage rinoitwa vaine kwenhoroondo chegumi chimwe millimeter. Panguva yokutanga awa ari mushure mukutanga achifa ivhu nemiedzo ichiitwa ose maminitsi 15 yokuyeresa deflections. In awa yechipiri - hafu awa ose, uye ipapo ose awa kusvikira ukuru shrinkage haina kudzikamiswa.

On kusvika dzinonetsa kumanikidza zvakareva ne chimiro makatsemuka akapoteredza achifa kana nyandu ivhu. In muedzo uyu anofanira vakarega.

Nemhaka yazvino, injiniya-Geological kuongorora pakuvaka kuitwa chero rwevhu, uyewo pamusoro nzvimbo ipi neipi kunzwisisa. Bvumidzwa kuongorora nzvimbo zvikazara uye kunyange mhoromhokwa-asingatani nzvimbo. With nokungwarira kuchengetwa zvigadzirwa uye kuomerera zvinodiwa GOST bvunzo ndiko kubudirira.

Zvinogonekawo kuti tiite punching ivhu yokuedzwa iri Makwara. Kana Drilling akavhiyiwa inoitwa akaoma kana akasungwa dzezvimwe, nyanzvi kushandisa maturusi uye augers.