Linux - chii here? Linux Os: zvayakaita, mutungamiriri, wongororo. How kutanga kushandisa Linux

The rinofarirwa kupfuura pane imwe nguva ndiye Windows uchishandisa hurongwa. Izvi imhaka anobudirira kanda uye kutanga dzidziso kuti basa naye noruzivo vanoshandisa. Asi anenge wose akawanda emakore kushandiswa Os, panoita mubvunzo chatingapiwa analogues. Pano ari mumwe izvi zvichakurukurwa kugadziriswa munyaya.

The uchishandisa hurongwa Linux: Chii uye chii inoitwa?

Izvi hakusi mubvunzo nyore. Kuti mashoko azere pamusoro yaibvira kukura uku haadi kuverenga bhuku uye vanopedza nguva yakawanda ari pakombiyuta. The uchishandisa Hurongwa pachahwo yakatarwa zvirongwa, hwaishandiswa ingashanda pamwe kombiyuta uye run zvimwe zvirongwa. Chinonyanya kukosha kunobva uwandu mafomu inogona kukamurwa zvinotevera mapoka:

1. Kubvumira kugamuchira mirayiridzo kubva anoishandisa uye kukurukura navo.
2. Zvinoita kuti kuverenga uye kunyora mashoko zvakaoma dhisiki, uye kutamba navo shure kushandisa purinda.
3. Kunoita kuti kudzora kushandisa ndangariro kumhanya zvimwe zvirongwa.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti chinoumba yacho uchishandisa system (yainzi Linux). Kuti zano rakadaro unokubvumira yokuita? Popular panguva ino munguva iri ivhu sezvo mamwe kushanda hurongwa vanoshandisa mapurogiramu akasiyana kuti zvakanyorwa kuti basa iri. Nenzira, zita zvizere uchishandisa hurongwa - GNU / Linux. Next, uchadzidza nei zita.

zvisikwa

GNU / Linux akaita kuti Unix womuenzaniso. Kubva pakutanga chaipo, ino uchishandisa maitiro rakagadzirwa somunhu multi-rokushandisa uye multi-tasking. Yatova zvakakwana kuratidza nayo. Asi kusiyana naye zvikuru. Chinonyanya kukosha - zviri pachena (chinokosha chikamu zviitiko wakasikwa nevazvipiri pa mhosva) uye pasina muridzi. Kokutanga kwezvisikwa zvakadaro vakasimudza Free Software Foundation muna 1984. Zvadaro isu kuva Unix-kufanana uchishandisa hurongwa, yainzi GNU. It akasikwa yakawanda inokosha kushanda, izvo zvaiita kuti kusangana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana (kana ichienzaniswa chokuti kunyange kana paiva). Kuwedzera mari, mupiro akaita zvakawanda kushanda mumapoka uye vanhu, asingaiti zvitadzise basa ravo. Asi zvakadaro pane zvimwe zvinhu. Saka Fund wakasikwa dzakawanda chezvombo zvinoshandiswa, uzivi uye nenzanga nechido vanoshandisa uye akazvimirira programmers. simba ravo uye akaonekwa zvakanaka honed shanduro GNU / Linux. Asi ichi ndicho chete wokutanga chikamu nyaya. Chinoumba ari Linux Os akasikwa Finnish mudzidzi Linus Torvalds muna 1991 (yokutanga akatsiga shanduro yomusi 1994-m). Zvino pakaziviswa sechipiriso wokutsiva Minix. Musiki Kubvira kare pamudyandigere uye kuramba kutungamirira boka anoverengeka zana Developers kuti kuvandudza uchishandisa hurongwa.

Kuti uchishandisa hurongwa chinopa kuti vanoshandisa?

Today, panoita zvikuru rusununguko pakusarudzwa anodiwa software. Saka, pane gumi murayiro mutsetse anoshongwa uye wandei graphical desktops. Uye ichi isu kureva kwete kuona design, uye kushandura zita dzichipfekeka chikamu. Uyewo, nokuda uchishandisa hurongwa chakatorwa nokuda Implementation purogiramu dzakawanda, zviri zvishoma kubatira kukundikana siyana, uye nani kudzivirirwa. Sezvo Sumo rayo Linux Os iri zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvechokwadi kunoita vateereri kwayo. Saka, vakawanda servers vari kare kushanda pariri chaizvo. Nzira yemakambani chidimbu, uye musha uyu Kungosvika atanga. kuparadzirwa mumwe nomumwe zvakasiyana functionality kwayo, pakuonekwa, uye kukura. Saka, pane nzira kuti ape rakakura mikana. Kune avo anogona kukwanawo duku nokupenya nemotokari kana kumhanya pamakombiyuta okuberekwa. Uyewo, pakarepo mushure kugadzwa zviri uchishandisa hurongwa chinopa kukwanisa kukurumidza yokugadza Software Mabhokisi vanoshanda mamwe kumativi (ndiro zvinokosha, kana akasika "hofisi" kombiyuta).

chiteshi

Ichi chikamu chinokosha mu basa Linux kushanda hurongwa. Chii chinonzi chirwere? Chinhu simba chokushandisa chine zvikuru zvinogona. Narwo ungachiita nyore, kana kunyange zvakaitika motokari ose tichiita basa. Tichishandisa chinouraya angava:

1. gadza uye kumhanya chirongwa;
2. chinja kuparadzira kana configuration mafaira;
3. wedzera zvirongwa zvitsva okuchengetera;
4. uye nezvimwe zvizhinji kuti vachati Linux-ongororo.

Basic kushandisa chinouraya, uyewo-software chokugadza

Mhanyai nayo. Kutanga chirongwa chete vanofanira kupinda zita rayo. Saka zvinoita kuti Activate zvose kubva nyore mapurogiramu yakaoma-timers utilities. Haufaniri kutaipa zvizere nzira (ndiro musiyano simba kubva Windows). Ngatitorei muenzaniso kushanda Firefox pakarepo - pakuvhurwa nzvimbo. The yokupedzisira inofanira kuiswa nenharo. Ivo vanovimba Mhando epaTV vanonzi. Saka, zvinodiwa murayiro taitsvaka seizvi:. Firefox «Kero yacho tinoda kuenda iyo" Chimwe chinokosha chinouraya ndechokuti pane zvinoverengeka zvikwata zviri chete yakagadzirwa kuti basa naye. Kureva, havasi vane graphical inowanikwa. Zvino nguva yokutaura pamusoro nekuisa zvirongwa. Chokwadi, pane graphical mafomu anogona kubatsira basa iri. Saka, isu tatanga chinouraya uye kutaipa zvinotevera: sudo vaigona-kuwana gadza nazvanie_paketa. Zviri nyore, zvakarurama? Shoko sudo inoshandiswa kuwana mutariri kodzero kuisa program. Kushandisa unoziva-kuwana verenga zvinodiwa parameters kuti kushanda. Uye dzishandise zvakananga installs program. Uye chinhu ndechokuti unogona kumhanya mafomu akawanda panguva imwe chete - zvakakodzera chete kuvaparadzanisa aine nzvimbo.

About zita uye chinangwa chokugadza Mabhokisi inogona nyore wafungidzira, uye pasina kushandisa siyana zvokushandisa. Asi kana zvisingaiti - muchina Tab. Kana kuchinja nokugoverwa hadzishandi zvose pakutanga - kungoita Export mazita anoshandiswa Mabhokisi ari chinyorwa faira kupinza nayo zvinotevera mukati. Pano ari nyore Linux-mirayiridzo inodiwa kuti kutanga basa.

Kushanda pamwe Files uye Directories

Pane nuance nokukurumidza kuti uchanzwisisa zvinhu kushanda uchishandisa hurongwa. Saka, basa nguva dzose kuitika mudare dhairetori. Kuita chimwe, iwe unofanira kutanga tsanangurai. Pane chikwata yakadaro - Nano. Rinoshandiswa kuvhura orugwaro mupepeti. Kana muchipinda Nano «zita racho", faira pamwe chaiyo zita richava akasikwa matsva dhairetori. Uye zvokuita kana rinoda kuitwa yakasiyana forodha? Tinoisa chikwata ichi nenzira yakadai: Nano / musha / rabota / mapepa / "Zita gwaro". Kana mutemo uyu hakuna faira pamwe inodiwa zita uye uyewo izvozvo achasika wovhura itsva. Uye kana iwe uchifanira kufamba kubva forodha nomumwe? Kuti aite izvi, kushandisa CD murayiro. Inogona kuratidza pacharo - ne / kana ~ Directive. Navatatu vokutanga zvikwata ichaendeswa mudzi dhairetori. Kuratidza Nyora mafaira iri kuitika Directory, shandisa Ls. Kuti vagadzire Directory idzva, shandisa «zita mkdir kana nzira." To Delete mafaira vachishandisa RM murayiro. Pashure zvakakodzera chaizvo kuti kutaridzwa zita gwaro kana murayiro kwayo nzvimbo.

Kutevedzera mafaira, unofanira kushandisa murayiro CP "Document Name" - "The Way". Tapota cherechedza kuti unofanira kushandisa nayo Directory uko magiramufomu nzvimbo iri. Saizvozvowo mabasa uye mv, asi yave zvinofamba mafaira. Saka, iwe unofanira zvawamaka sezvinotevera: mv "Directory apo gwaro" - "The gwara apo chinhu zvinofamba." Kubva kunze ingaratidzika zvishoma yakaoma, asi zvishoma tsika kuti ubvume kuti chete kunoita. Zvino unogona kumisa zvaiva Linux, kuti kugutsa kudiwa.

System Operation

Use Tab. Ichi chinhu chaizvo kubatsira kiyi. Saka, unogona kubatsira autocomplete. Izvi anoshandira Mabhokisi, mafaira, uye folders. Kana pane zvakawanda zvokusarudza, kuti hurongwa kuchaita chaiita kuti kusarudza mumwe wavo. Uyewo yeuka kuti hanya Linux richava pamusoro wako pamafudzi. Kunyange unogona kushandisa chero ungano uye, kana pasina chido iri chidhinha kuunganidza ake (kunyange mumwe zvaidiwa hurongwa). Asi wakarurama kana, imi zivai kuti zvava nyore, uye kazhinji kacho ari Implementation ichi chiito hakuzovi kwakaoma. Uyewo unogona kushandisa chero graphical interfaces kuti anogona kuwanikwa norusununguko (kunyange nyore nzira kudzora - murayiro mutsetse).

Marongero ari "Linux"

Zvokuita kana muchida kushandisa ino uchishandisa maitiro? Ipapo iwe unofanira kuziva sei kuisa uye sei kumhanya Linux. Pakutanga, imi kusarudza kuparadzira kuti iwe uchava. Popular akashandisa Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, uye vamwe vakawanda. Nyatsoteerera kupa uchishandisa hurongwa, kunyange yokupedzisira sarudzo ndeyako. Kuita izvi, zvichava zvakakodzera kuwana .ISO mufananidzo uye kokutsva mumwe Disc. File rayirika kukopa kubva pamutemo nzvimbo gungano. Zvino unofanira kusarudza uwandu matomu wegadziriro. Version 32 ane zvishoma kugarisana matambudziko uye unonyatsoshanda nevatyairi. Asi ayo analogue pamusoro 62 ane yepamusoro kukwanisa. Zvisinei, vachakukumikidzai uye matambudziko yamuchakwanisa kugadzirisa. Usati watanga, Tora negadziriro yeparutivi kuti mashoko ose anokosha. Musafunga kuti hurongwa zvaungaita chinhu zvikanganise. Just kakawanda vanozvishandisa pachavo nokusaziva kana kutya zvinomuomera kuikanganwa mashoko anokosha. Saka, une dhisiki ane mufananidzo wegadziriro. Usati reinstall, kugadzira dzinokosha chiyamuro / goho hurongwa kushanda ane Manyiminya tikachirega. zvino unogona restart.

Somuenzaniso, aizopiwa Ubuntu kugadzwa. Ichi yakakurumbira uchishandisa maitiro, uye kuwana mazano nokuda nokushanda nawo hakuzovi kwakaoma. Saka, pakutanga kupomerwa chidzitiro pawakandipikira kudiwa vakasarudzwa "kuisa Ubuntu». Pakutanga, Linux kuda kudiwa kusarudza mutauro. Chaunoti yenyu nguva mapazi. Zvino iwe kugadzira kuti kiibhodhi kushanda. Munyaya inotevera danho, imi kuda kundofanomugadzirira dhisiki nzvimbo. Panguva iyi, mushonga chinetso ichi kunogona zvava kusvika uchishandisa hurongwa, kana kutsanangura zvose ruoko. Zvapedzisira nzira yakakodzera vanoshandisa ruzivo vanoziva zvinotaurwa date zvekutepfenyura uye sei kombiyuta inoshanda zvachose. Uyezve, ruzivo anofanira nokukwirira kwazvo.

Mushure dhisiki nzvimbo nyaya kunge vakaneta, zvichava akabvunza zita kombiyuta, nokusika anotarisira. Unofanira kurangarira kuti akaratidza pano, zvimwe kushanda muchina mune ramangwana vasina reinstall kana kuzorodzwa zvaizova zvinenge zvisingaiti. Zviya, Username yako uye pasiwedhi hunozodiwa kwete chete kuti danda kupinda hurongwa. Pashure paizvozvo iwe uchaona hwindo Kurongwa kuchinjwa muuki nemamwe uchishandisa hurongwa. Kana kwete, danho zvichabviswa akapembera. In nevakomana zvazvingava, uchishandisa hurongwa ichataura kutamira mafaira uye anoiswa vaiva User nyaya. Uye pakupedzisira unofanira kuona hwindo umo sarudzo rokushandisa vachaparadzwa kuratidzwa. Check kana zvose zvaunoda. Kana pasina kunyunyuta, ipapo tinya "gadza" bhatani, uye muitiro ichatanga. Zvichienderana configuration kombiyuta yako, iyo anoita zviito izvi zvose, kuchinja nokukurumidza pamusoro yokutsiva uchishandisa hurongwa. Kana zvose zvakafanira zviito kuda kuitwa, iwe zvatichapa kudhindwa "kupinda".

Kushanda "Linux"

Kana tanga akatendeuka pamusoro, uchasangana ari bootloader. Panyaya iyi, iyo Linux kanda achavaponesa Kuwanikwa dzimwe Os. Kana iye ari munhu, zvino akatakudza iwe "Linux". Kana izvi zvisina kudaro, uchabva zvitatu:

1. Kana wasarudza masekonzi gumi okutanga pachava vene yacho uchishandisa hurongwa.
2. The nzira yechipiri - ane analogue of Windows Safe Mode.
3. Test RAM.

Uyewo, zvisinei uwandu iiswe uchishandisa hurongwa zvichawedzerwa dzavo startup zvokusarudza, kwete vachizvitakudza Linux-yori. Pashure simba kuti "Linux", iwe wagadzirira akamisa magadzirirwo ayo, vanotanga kushandisa mamwe mafomu - zvavo, kuita zvose kuti uchishandisa hurongwa kwave dzichienderana kusvikira kufadza iwe. Linux Zvirongwa zviripo huru yakatarwa, uye iwe unogona kusarudza chii chinonaka. Zvimwe zvinetso zvinogona kuitika chete kana ukashandisa mitambo uye kugarwa zvikumbiro (AutoCAD, uye zvakafanana).

Kubviswa uye kuzoita Linux

Sezvo muenzaniso uyu zvose richashandiswa Ubuntu. Hazvinei nei akabvunza mubvunzo "sei kubvisa Linux» - hazvina kufanana hurongwa, kana vakasarudza kuti zvakaoma. Chikurukuru - sei kuzviita. Funga zviviri zvokusarudza. Muzana rokutanga Somuenzaniso, iwe vave negadziriro yeparutivi chirongwa muchimiro Windows. taifunga kuti yechipiri, kuti zvimwe uchishandisa hurongwa haufaniri:

1. Isa kugadzwa CD kupinda nemotokari. Booting kubva, kuchinja muupenyu inokosha chiyamuro / goho hurongwa. Zarura murayiro chiriporipocho. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kubudikidza chokugadza Disc Muterere. Zvino sarudza kusarudza "zvigadzirise mamiriro." Muna Chirungu shanduro, zvinoita sokuti Repair wenyu kombiyuta. Anoranga zvinyorwa pamusoro hurongwa mutoro. Kuti aite izvi, kupinda murayiro bootrec / fixmbr. Uye kana iwe kumhanya pamberi penyu hauzoitizve Kuratidzwa chinovhara uchishandisa ezvinhu sarudzo panguva akatendeuka pakombiyuta, uye achagara vene Windows. Zvose zvagadzirwa. Zvino, zvachinja zvinokubatai zvazviri, restart muchina. Kana uchida kubvisa Ubuntu, unofanira kuita zvakawanda matanho maviri. Chokutanga, iwe kuzarura dhisiki Management Muterere. Pahwindo itsva vanofanira tinya uchishandisa hurongwa partition, zvakanaka-baya uye sarudza kuidzima. All harizovipo. Zvino zvakanaka-tinya saka, tinya Windows partition uye sarudza "nokurebesa mupanda". Free nzvimbo unofanira kuwedzera kwairi. Asi yeuka, ichi chinogona kuitwa chete kana paine yokutsiva uchishandisa hurongwa.
2. Zvino fungidzira kuti une chete Ubuntu mumwe. Zvino unofanira ngarurege kusvikira zvandinenge uchishandisa maitiro (nenzira muenzaniso achabatwa Windows). Dzinoisa nayo munzvimbo Manyiminya tikachirega. Ipapo chichava zvakafanira kubvisa chikamu umo "Linux". Zvino iwe mberi installation. Kana ukasadaro, iwe havazokwanisi kushandisa kombiyuta. Zvino iwe une kumwe kuti pave uchishandisa maitiro pamusoro nokupenya nemotokari, uye kare naye zvinodiwa chiito.

"Linux": saka zvakafanana uye zvakasiyana

Ngatimbotaura chii Linux dzomuzana ikoko uye vape rondedzero pfupi. It ichakurukurwa chete chinonyanya kufarirwa nokugoverwa:

1. Ubuntu. It chinotarisa vakasununguka okukura uye kushandiswa.
2. OpenSUSE. Yakakunakira panguva setup uye dzigadziridzwe kuparadzira.
3. Fedora. Chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira kusarudza, izvo aiwana iye rudo, nemhaka ayo pakawanda.
4. Debian. kuparadzirwa ichi chakaitwa sepokutangira vamwe vazhinji. It akasikwa kwakakura nenzanga Developers kushanda. It ane wakaoma kusvika pakushandisa dzisiri vakasununguka software.
5. Slackware. Mumwe mukuru Linux nokugoverwa. It ane kuchinja nzira panyaya kukura uye kushandiswa.
6. Gentoo. Very tefa kuparadzira. Kuenda pazvinhu. Kwokupedzisira mugumisiro zvingasiyana mukuru kuita uye kuchinja maitiro matambudziko. Nangananga panguva simba vanoshandisa makombiyuta rwokugadzira nyanzvi.
7. Archlinux. Distribution kuti rinonyanya kushandiswa ichangobva software. Kuramba weekly. Akakodzera vaya vanoda kuva vose zvazvakanakira, uye kugadziriswa, asi haadi kuti kutambisa nguva yangu.

Kunze pamusoro zvose izvi zvaramba, pane dzimwe nokugoverwa zhinji. Vangave kwakavakirwa vanozivikanwa kumusoro kana akasikwa kubva muvare. In wechipiri shanduro, vanowanzoita zvinosikwa kuita shoma-siyana mabasa. kuparadzirwa mumwe nomumwe ane pfungwa dzayo, chine Mabhokisi, zvakanakira nekuipira. Hakuna angataure kugutsa vanoshandisa zvose. Saka, pamwe chete navatungamiri kune dzimwe inobudirira Implementation neshamwari kuti programmers uye makambani. Saka, pane zviitiko zvakawanda kuti zvinogona kushanda kubva CD, uye haukwanisi kuisa hurongwa pakombiyuta pachayo. Kana pasina zvinangwa chaizvo, zvino iwe unogona kushandisa chero kuparadzira. Kana kutsvakwa, kuzvicheka-kokerai zvakakodzera zvinoriumba vanokurudzira kuti kuteerera Gentoo, Crux kana LFS.

Tingatii vaya kushandiswa "Linux"?

Kazhinji, unogona uongorore mhinduro yakazvimiririra. Asi munyaya akaenda dzavo rinotsanangurwa "vainyora" vaya vasina chido kana nguva kutsvaka uye kuverenga magwaro akasiyana-siyana. About Linux anodzokorora vakawanda zvakanaka. Sezvo akanaka zvinhu anonzi shoma RAM uchida govera nokuti uchishandisa hurongwa pachayo. Uyewo, iye akaita vamuremekedze pakati vanhu vanoda kuisa pfungwa pabasa, asi vanoramba vari kuvhiringidzika mitambo. Last asi ichi kwete muduku imhaka yokuti "Linux" anobudiswa varaidzo zvishoma. Chokwadi, unogona kushandisa kuminamato Emulators anodawo enyika, asi nguva dzose kunoda nguva uye pfuma. Naizvozvo, nokuti simbe vanhu wakanaka chisarudzo. Vakawanda "Linux" vari pakati ruzivo rwokugadzira zvekutepfenyura. Last asi kwete mudukusa ngaavongwe kuvapo zvakasiyana-siyana-siyana zvokushandisa. Programmers uye wevanamakanika vanotaura ino zvakanaka nokuda kwayo pakawanda uye nyore kuita zvakakodzera basa. Sezvo kuora zvinhu yemanyorero kuguma kukosha kuva nezivo yakawanda makombiyuta vakakwanisa kushanda nzira nesayenzi uye kuona musiyano pane Windows. Ndivo pfungwa dzinogona kuwanika Linux. The uchishandisa hurongwa chaizvoizvo yakasiyana chaizvo vanoziva inowanikwa oruzhinji pachavo makombiyuta, asi zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichi zvikuru mukana pane kuvamirira.

mhedziso

Runouya kuguma Linux tsananguro. Overview Akauya yakawanda yakasiyana zvinhu. Munoziva nokugoverwa chii. Taidzidza uye zvirongwa zviri Linux: chii hunhu basa ravo, sei kuisa uye kumhanya zvakananga uchishandisa hurongwa pachayo. Zvakanga akapawo mirayiro siyana ungashandisa kuita zvinhu chakarondedzera User kwacho. Tinovimba kuti mashoko pamusoro Linux - chii uye chii Inodya - richauya batsira uchidzidzira.