Fontanka rwizi: kare, mapikicha

Fontanka River - duku aqueous rukova vaimiririra mumwe migero Neva Delta St. Petersburg. Matavi kubva kurutivi Neva River pedyo Summer Garden rworuboshwe, uye runoyerera kupinda Neva River rwezasi yaimbova Galerny Gutuevsky uye kuchamhembe chacho, panguva chaipo pakutanga Gulf Finland. Arc intersects nechepakati cheguta kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kutungamirira uye kumaodzanyemba muganhu Delta. Dam kureba 6.7 km nohupamhi anoda kubva 35 kusvika 70 m, udzamu -. 2.6 kusvika 3.5 mamita Pano zviratidzo zvakadai ine Fontanka rwizi. Nei kunzi uye chii nhoroondo yacho, tinogona kudzidza kubva pane ino.

Mvura murwizi gadziriro, mumwe shanu hunoumba Delta of Neva River, ane 12 inoyerera. The mvura pa tsime ndiye avhareji 34 cubic metres. m / s, nomurwizi, pashure branching rinonyura - 24 bv. m / s, uye kumaodzanyemba mukomboni pamwe gwara uye Kryukov confluence Griboedova - 22 bv. m / s. Kuerera zvazvingava patsvimbo kubva kwarwakabva kusvikira Anichkova bhiriji - avhareji 0.3-0.4 m / S uye pazasi - 0.2-0.25 m / s.

Zita Fontanka River

Zita yepakutanga rerwizi - Eric. Kana kuvakwa zvitubu, nokuti dzavo dzakazvitsaurira wedzerai nzira achipfuura rukova yakavakwa. First hydronym pachishandurwa kuva tsime, uye gare gare - muna Fontanka.

The nhoroondo Fontanka

Kusvikira 1714 marshy rwizi, kuumbwa kwaro iyezvino muzvitsuwa zviduku, anozivikanwa somunhu Vasina kana kungoti Erik Erik. Kusvikira pakuvambwa St. Petersburg pamahombekombe raiva Russian musha Usaditsa, uye pedyo muromo - Izhora kugarwa pamwe Finnish zita Kalyula, pashure zita Kalinkina mumusha. Paivakwa muguta 1711 pamwe Fontanka rwizi Moika chokuita iri kazhinji akanyorova mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka, kushandiswa mbatya.

Construction, rokuvakazve uye kuparadzwa pamusoro Fontanka

Paivakwa wokutanga emapuranga zambuko kunonyanyisa upamhi mvura sorwizi Fontanka, yakasvika 200 metres, asi rokuvaka Peter I muguta vaadzivira shure rufu norwizi apiwa kupinda pasi uchitanga blurry quays, zvichiita kuti zviome chaizvo wekushandisa. Mumakore 1743-1752 akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kuchenesa uye nokusimbaradza ari embankment. zita rayo uno rwizi rakanga yaitonga Empress Anna Ivanovna, nemhaka yamatsime, akaisa pamahombekombe arwo chaipo Summer Garden. Vakanga zvokudya nemvura kubva Lithuanian mugero ari dziva mudziva (zvino - Square) vakachera panguva pakona Avenue echiGiriki uye ano mumugwagwa Nekrasov, uye ipapo anotumirwa chubhu Park. Sami zvitubu vakaparadzwa kwazvo mafashamo kukuvara muna 1777 uye chisarudzo Catherine II zvokusagadzirisika. Ivo rakavhurwa chete pashure gadziridzo zvizere 2012.

mupendero

Kusvikira pakati pezana XVIII remakore, Fontanka River aionekwa sezvo kumaodzanyemba kupfuura izvo pane nyika Estates vapfumi makurukota muganhu weguta,. The kuitika akanga kuswatura uye chikamu akafukidzwa nokuhova, kusanganisira tsvina rwizi Tarakanovka. Muganhu St. Petersburg rave vakatamira kune yokunzvenga mugero, asi mutsetse Fontanka emakore anoverengeka akaramba ari pazasi chivakwa kumberi. Pakati dzenzvimbo ari Fontanka uye Moika, pamwe Kryukov Canal, muna XVIII-XIX emakore aiva Suburban kunharaunda guru, ainzi Kolomna.

Inoshanda River

Mumakore 1780-1789 iri Fontanka zvakare yakagadzira uye kwakawedzera kushandiswa, uyewo chirongwa yakataurwa murongedzeri A. V. Kvasovym, Akavaka mudungwe pamwe girenayiti embankments, mikana migwagwa uye rwizi nemadzinza. In pakati pezana XIX remakore, rwizi munzvimbo chipo Vitebsk Station raiwanzobatana kuti yokunzvenga mutsetse achishandisa Vvedensky, yakagadzirirwa Redirect zvimwe motokari uye akavigwa mumakore 1967-1969. Muna 1892, ivo Fontanka akatanga kuenda mutakurwi ngarava. Panguva ino, rwizi akaita mbiri-nzira azvibatsire magwa mu huru nzvimbo magwa. In yechando, pokuchinja pakati achishandisa City Council yakaitwa musi chando rinks voruzhinji.

kunwa mvura

Zvakabudiswa kunwa mvura nokuti dzakapoteredza vakawanda akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze mumakore maviri emakore. Mvura iri kuendeswa ari munyoro emiti, mukusiyana kuna Neva, mumwoyo chena, uye nokuda kwazvo kusvibiswa kakawanda akava kukonzera matenda nezvirwere gastro-intestinal. Large-pamwero kuvakwa kurapwa zvinomera uye Redirect tsvina iri Neva Bay kwakavandudza nezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu uye muna 1970 seri murwizi hove.

Biota

Flora Major vasipo sezvo rose pamusoro Neva River, kumahombekombe zvinomera uye kwete, sezvo pamucheto mvura riri mudungwe namabwe. Fontanka River (mufananidzo pazasi) asina kupfuma fauna of. Found hove mhenyu dzakaderera kunosvika of Neva River uye Delta, kusanganisira whitefish, bream uye lamprey. pokuchinja murwizi pamberi akaramba mumakeji vakawanda hove mhenyu, akauya kutengeswa kubva okumusoro kunosvika of Neva River uye Lake Ladoga. Pari, nokuda nani unhu kurapwa mvura, hove iri Delta of Neva iri kuramba ichiva pamahombekombe ari Fontanka tsika kuzvivaraidza hove, kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi regai dzinokurudzira kudya nemambure ake kujeka uye rotan. Hove kubva mabhiriji iri zvachose wairambidza. The avifauna chinomiririrwa kwakajairika Petersburg nokuda waterfowl marudzi - duck uye seagulls.

mabhiriji

Shore kudaro aqueous karwizi sezvo Fontanka rwizi chokuita ne mabhiriji 15, izvo ayo chikuru zvinokwezva. Yakakurumbira pakati pavo vari: Laundry, mumwe yokutanga ibwe kuyambuka yakavakwa muSt Petersburg, Anichkov, akakurumbira Equestrian mapoka chivezwa kushanda Klodt, uye Egyptian zambuko, yakashongedzwa maviri sphinxes mana vachikanda-simbi rambi-shongwe. Yokupedzisira raparadza kurwizi chando ndiye Ndira 20, 1905 nokuda resonance yomuka panguva ndima imwe dzechikwata kuti Horse-Grenadier chemazana chehondo, uye akapedzisira ichadzorerwa chete muna 1955-1956. Muzana XVIII remakore, zvakanzi yakavakwa zvakafanana Chain Bridge nomwe pamwe emapuranga zvaiva. Of Lomonosovski izvi (vaimbova Chernyshev) uye Old-Kalinkin kuchengetwa saka kusvikira varipo, asi nechepakati nhengo dzavo inotsiviwa simbi uye simbi.

zvisakamboonekwa

Pedyo ari Summer Garden mumakore 1715-1722 pakuiswa particularity shipyard, apo kusvika 1762 dzakavakwa midziyo zviduku sevhiriyeni. Pakupera yacho XVIII remakore ari nzvimbo yayo waini uye munyu dzokuchengetera dzakavakwa, ndokusaka munharaunda inonzi Salt City. Kubva ichi mapurani kunzwisisa akachengetedzwa kuvaka St. Panteleimon chechi. The nzvimbo pazasi kuruboshwe kumahombekombe Anichkov zambuko yakavakwa muna yechipiri yezana XIX remakore. Kune akagadzirisa Mutemo School, ipapo - Sheremetev Palace (Tsime House) pamwe Anny Ahmatovoy Museum, uye yaimbova Catherine Institute. Panguva mharadzano pakati Nevsky rakatarira muzinda Prince Beloselsky-Belozersky, ipapo vaimbova Izmailovo munda uye munda Nyanduri Derzhavin.

Kurudyi eRwizi dura yainzi Fontanka rwizi mu St Petersburg pabazi rinonyura uye pakatarisana Summer Garden ndiye Mikhailovsky Castle, yakavakwa sezvo nguva yakagara Paul I, uye izvo iye zvino bazi Russian Museum. Next kuuya Shuvalov Palace, apo pane private Museum pakati Faberge, Anichkov Palace, ari Ensemble pakati Lomonosov mativi pamwe pakuvaka yaimbova kushumira Affairs Internal, yakavakwa 1830 ne Carlo Rossi. Panewo pakuvaka St. Petersburg State Circus, Big Drama Theater, Yusupov Palace, uye pedyo muromo - muviri Admiralty Shipyards. Muna 1994, musi seafront pana St. Mikayeri Castle ndiyo shongwe pakati ngano Finch-Pyzhik, mumwe worudzi ruduku muSt Petersburg. Uyu ndiye Fontanka rwizi, nhoroondo iri anodzidzisa chaizvo uye zvakakosha kuti hurumende.