Chinese fluke. Clonorchiasis: zviratidzo, kurapwa. tupukanana womunhu

Clonorchiasis munhu - biogelmintoz trematodozov kubva muboka dzinoratidzwa chikuru lesion pamusoro biliary turakiti, rwatata uye chiropa parenchyma.

epidemiology

Kwainyanya chirwere - munhu utachiwana klonorhami. Uyezve, mvura infest imbwa nekatsi. Chinese fluke kwakapararira muJapan, Vietnam, China, North Korea, ari Amur bheseni, Obi uye Primorye. Helminth mazai dzinounzwa pamwe faeces ari aqueous svikiro ikavamedza clams cercariae (mazana) vari kuumbwa muviri iyo mazuva anenge 14. Mushure kuonana muviri mazana hove uye crayfish kubva ura, vari kutanga kufamba munzvimbo tsandanyama uye subcutaneous tishu. Saka, mumwe metacercariae. Clonorchiasis vanhu utachiona nokudya mbishi, insufficiently kupisa zvakaipa hove kana crayfish. Uye anovandudza clonorchiasis. Zviratidzo varwere 'tinotanga kuoneka pashure nayo utachiona kupinda diki ura.

Flukes: mamirire

Trematodes (flukes) - makonye, chokuita norudzi flatworm. Kazhinji, vane shizha serin'i. saizi wavo zvichisiyana pamusoro zvakawanda kubva 0.1 mm kune masendimita 15 pakureba. Chinese fluke anogona parasitize ari Muviri mhuka uye vanhu. mhando dzose flukes vari parasitic mararamiro.

Morphology uye zvipenyu zviri trematodes

Muviri trematode constricted mu dorsoventral divi. Cuticle pamwe tsandanyama rukoko kuumba ganda-chetsandanyama zai umo zvomukati dziri. Flukes vari wakaiswa pachishandiswa chinokosha tsandanyama miviri - suckers. Pangave zviviri - nemumuromo uye abdominal. The nhengo pamusoro Kuda kutamba nembambo kunogona zvakabatanidzwa cuticle uye glandular Makomba.

alimentary maitiro

Pamberi muviri vemunyika nemumuromo Kuziva, riri nechepasi muromo yokutanga. Pamusoro muromo anofanira pharynx (pharynx) uye elongated yegurokuro. Intestinal chubhu - maviri slepozakanchivayuschihsya hunde. Horo panguva sandara nehonye kazhinji hazvisi. Anoramba unhydrolyzed zvokudya kunze achishandisa muromo. Chikamu simba flatworms zvinogona kuitwa kubudikidza tegument.

Huta uye excretory hurongwa

Tsinga unotora tsinga ganglia, raiva pasi pharynx, uye mokugezera kuripa dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri. Excretory hurongwa inomiririrwa kunzwisisa hurongwa tubules izvo zvinoumba maviri excretory mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka.

dzokubereka nadzo

The dzokubereka hurongwa trematodes zvave kwazvo. Flukes (kunze Schistosomatata mhando Representatives) - hermaphroditic (zvepabonde nevarume uyewo nevakadzi chisikwa).

Male dzokubereka nadzo, kuti ave mutemo, ine testes maviri. Abve kwavari vas efferens, izvo chokuita rwakafanana vas deferens. Kazhinji akanyudzwa cirrus zai (chaiwo tsandanyama zai). The chokupedzisira vas deferens - cirrus (copulatory nhego).

Nemamiriro munhukadzi dzokubereka midziyo inosanganisira ovary, jajtceprovoda, ootype, spermatheca, Vitellaria Laurerovy mugero Mehlis 'shwanu uye dumbu, iyo inoguma nhengo dzokubereka buri.

etiology

The causative mumiririri iri clonorchiasis fluke - Chinese fluke. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mhuri nehonye Opisthorchidae - Clonorchis rosa. First Bot chinorondedzerwa McConnell muna 1874 Chinese fluke ari mumuviri womunhu anogona parasitize kusvika makore 40. Body helminth sandara, lanceolate 10-20 mm uye wakafara makubhiti 2-4 mm. mazai trematode muri chiedza-yendarama ruvara, musi mumwe matanda ari chivharo zvakajeka zvinoonekwa. Clonorchis rosa mu Danho akura anogona parasitize zvose muvanhu uye Mbeswa mhuka. Ekupedzisira ndivo zvachose wehondo. Zvaaiva zvokungoitawo chiito Freshwater clams, nemamwe - Freshwater crayfish uye kabhu hove.

Lifecycle trematodes

trematodes upenyu kutenderera inoumbwa mana nguva:

• embriogonii;
• partenogonii;
• tsistogonii;
• maritogonii.

Embriogoniya - munguva embryo kukura utachiona masero ari zai kubva pakusangana kuti trematode miracidia mbudo. Ya kuyaruka kwerinenge mwedzi. Partenogoniya - posleembrionalny nguva kukura larval Danho iri muviri zvenguva hondo. Nechipiriso danho rinotanga kubva nokuumbwa sporocysts pamberi cercaria kupinda zvakatipoteredza. Ya iyi inogona anosiyana kubva vhiki mbiri mwedzi mishanu.

Tsistogoniya - kutendeuka kwacho cercaria adolescaria (mu zvakatipoteredza) kana metacercariae (muviri okuwedzera hondo). Tsistogonii Duration - kubva wandei maawa mwedzi miviri.

Maritogoniya - nguva kukura flukes iri zvachose hondo muviri kuti kurara pakunamata (imago), iyo inosimbisa mazai kupinda zvakatipoteredza. Ya Danho ichi - kubva vhiki imwe mwedzi miviri.

pathogenesis

Varwere vanogara endemic nzvimbo kuva kutapata kuti akapfuura transplacental kubva amai mwana. Naizvozvo, vanhu vakadaro vari panoonekwa, kunyange chirwere, asi ine kosi nyoro. Zvisiri pachena kukura zvokurwara ndiyo trematode zvokuimba kwechirwere, kubatana yechipiri microflora, neurotrophic zvirwere, chepfu uye neutachiona. Uyezve, klonorhi kukonzera cirrhotic zvachinja chiropa.

chirwere zviratidzo

Kana wanga chirwere clonorchiasis, chirwere zviratidzo akafanana opisthorchiasis. Mugore chenjera chokutambudzika utachiona segwapa kurasikirwa kudya, zvakawanda zvive, utera, kuratidzwa neutachiona. With kuchiita chirwere zvinozarurwa zvinhu zvinoratidza chiropa, rwatata, uye biliary turakiti. Varwere vanotsutsumwa nefivha uye kurwadziwa vemunyika zvakarurama hypochondrium.

Possible yematambudziko chirwere

Izvi zvinogona kuva:

• chisingaperi cholecystitis;
• cirrhosis;
• chisingaperi gastroduodenitis;
• pancreatic kenza uye dumbu;
• chisingaperi chiropa.

zvokurwara Diagnostics

Chirwere pazvikanganiso kurapwa Data uye epizootic uye gelmintokoprologicheskih zvidzidzo. Kujekesa nechirwere zvibereko nokukanganisika Kuongororwa kweropa (zvachose mapuroteni, ropa shuga, bilirubin, basa alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, amylase, trypsin, uye lipase), Mushonga Nachiremba zvishandiso (cholecystography, Ultrasound kuzviongorora gallbladder, chiropa, rwatata, fibrogastroduodenoscopy) uye serological (kubvisa , RIHA, PCR) nzira.

kurapa

Kana murwere akaonekwa clonorchiasis, kurapwa inofanira kuva dzakaoma:

• dietetics;
• anthelmintic zvinodhaka ( "biltricid", "Niklofolan", "hloksila");
• antihistamines ( "karusiyamu gluconate", "loratidine," "Suprastin");
• nonsteroidal Anti-anogumbura zvinodhaka ( "Ibuprofen", "Nimisulid");
• makemikari ( "Panzinorm", "mezim", "Creon");
• Sorbents ( "Enterosgel" "ataxia", "Polysorb");
• antispasmodics ( "papaverine", "No-Spa", "Mebeverin");
• macrolides ( "oleandomycin", "Spiramycin", "azithromycin", "Roxithromycin", "Fluritromitsin");
• cholagogue zvinodhaka ( "Xylitol" "Sorbitol", chibage sirika, immortelle, akasimuka hudyu, chemindi mashizha);
• gepatoprotektory ( "Essentiale", "Ursohol").