Bhayoneti - chii ichi? Nikon F gomo

Bhayoneti - ndiro zita esayenzi izvo pagomo kuti pikicha uye mavhidhiyo michina. Zvingava fastening gadziriro kana regungano chairo, izvo kamera akatasva pamusoro izvo. Mukusarudza makambani runobereka makamera, vakava mwero Fixtures dzavo, saka kazhinji bhayoneti mumwe akasimba hakupindirani nevamwe. Zvisinei, pane kwezvipimo maitiro uye mamwe mano (semuenzaniso, adapteri-bhayoneti) kuti kuisa optics kubva yemakambani siyana. The emhando dzakawanda zvinowanzovapo bayonets: Nikon F, Canon gododd uye Sony E.

F bhayoneti kuti "Nikon"

With kukura mapikicha, zvakava pachena kuti chezita optics, zvakasimba chokuita dzimba Unit, havakwanisi kusangana pfungwa okusika nyanzvi. Kugadzirisa akawanikwa ari kushandisa kuchinjaniswa lenses. The kambani Nikon yazova rimwe wokutanga yokusuma mureza Kuda kutamba ose bvisika lenses. Bhayoneti mhando, akatanga muna 1959, boka "Nikon" riri bhayoneti releasable kubatana inoshandiswa kubatanidza munhu 35mm kamera (muviri) uye izvo.

Lenses vane yepakutanga maitiro F-bhayoneti kushandiswa kwazvo kusvikira 1977, uchigere akazviratidza Inoenderana chinhu mhando AI. Kunyange ano lenses Nikon inogona kushandiswa chete mudziyo mhando F uye kushanda hwakanaka makamera vakura, kunyange installation kungada zviduku zvemaziso kuvandudzika.

musimboti oparesheni

Bhayoneti - ndiko zano nyore. Kuti kubatanidza izvo kuti kamera mhando F, zvakakodzera manually swatanudza ari fungidziro izvo pamwe tendril metering maitiro, iyo wakaiswa panzvimbo f / 5,6 diaphragm. Gare gare lenses iyi mhando ndakadana pre-AI uye vasiri AI.

kugarisana

Lenses Nikon F bhayoneti-mhando basa rakanaka pamwe makamera zvose ano Nikon kanenge manually kusarudza dzokupisa muoti, kunyanya kana kuchinja nokuda kugarisana naye pagomo AI. Panyaya iyi oparesheni modes aperture kukoshesa achaenderana kamera womuenzaniso. Matrix metering kunoda chaiyo upgrading pagomo, saka kazhinji hakushandi pamwe lenses izvi, kunyange kana kuti mureza AI vapedza kumusoro.

patani Features

Nechekare sezvo lenses vakapakata Nikon F bhayoneti negomo ezvinhu, kambani vakashandisa mashandiro ose otomatiki diaphragm. Kureva, chikamu ichi chiri kuramba rakazaruka kana iwe kufambisa pfungwa uye ari kuvharwa chete kwekanguva pamberi Nguva kutora mifananidzo yetumedu. With mufananidzo uyu viewfinder hazvirevi svibirika uye asingauyi kudzivisa kutungamirirwa, kunyange kana aperture mhete rinoshandurwa kuti namahwindo nzvimbo. Zvayakaita, ichi chaitwa muchimiro imwe mhikuriso yakavakwa kupinda kamera dendere, iyo anoburukira pamberi mufananidzo. The gogorosi asunungurwa mumwe mhikuriso iyo pasi yechirimo nevezera anovhara diaphragm mashizha.

Nikon bhayoneti mhando AI

AI (Automatic Indexing) - nani shanduro yokutanga pagomo Nikon F - akanga aronga muna 1977. Fans chigadzirwa "Nikon" ndakamirira yoku- hurongwa achibvumira kuchinjaniswa lenses nokukurumidza. Dzimwe nguva Nyanzvi pamusoro mediocre mifananidzo wakapatsanura masekonzi mashoma akarasika, dzakapiswa pamusoro izvo kutsiviwa. Uye fotogigant akatanga izvo zvitsva pagomo. Izvi streamlined magadzirirwo kuti akabvumira kuisa izvo pamwe chete ruoko kufamba, uye kwete kutambisa nguva iri kupinda aperture mhete iri indekisi chidimbu.

Parinoshandiswa pamusoro makamera ano AI-lenses unogona kushanda nenzira modes akadai Chinyorwa (M) uye aperture yokutanga (A) vachiongorora kuti dzokupisa dot kana zvakatinakira. Vamwe Makamera kungashandiswawo chizvaro metering.

Lenses ekare mhando (F) zviri nyore chaizvo yokugadziridza kuita nokuwedzera AI, iyo mhikuriso anobata bhayoneti kamuri, anotaura nzvimbo diaphragm mhete.

zvakagadzirwa

It aitarisirwa kuti huru utsanzi ndiyo pakagadzwa zvemaziso levers zvinofanira kuudza pekamuri musimboti wokuzadzika urefu pamusoro izvo. Nyanzvi yakati idzva "Nikon" kamera kuchaita zvimwe kushandisa mashoko. Asi upgraded pagomo haina kukanganiswa. The vagadziri vakaenda mumwe panzira; lenses ano zvinoparadzira mashoko pakombiyuta. Nzira ndakadzidzawo kuva isingadhuri zvikuru uye kupfuura yakavimbika. AI-lenses ava kutengeswa pedyo chinhu, kunyange ivo muduku zvishoma ano AI-S (somuenzaniso, havana vapenyu chirongwa).

Soviet uye Ukrainian kamera uye lenses

On mundima USSR uye Ukraine pamusoro 35 mm makamera uye lenses kuti inowirirana pagomo Nikon AI, dzakabudisa Kiev fekitari "Arsenal". Pakati Makamera akanga sezvinotevera:

• "Kiev-17";
• "Kiev-20";
• "Kiev-19";
• "Kiev-19M";
• Mutongi Arsat lenses.

Bhayoneti mhando Nikon AI-s

Ndicho chinotevera Danho iri Kushanduka bvisika lenses. mudziyo akadaro ari kushandiswa nhasi. By AI zviri nyore kuisa pamusoro chairo woita neckline ari bhayoneti pa chromed chindori pamwero kudzama munda (mu AI dema pamusoro) aishandisa Orange pendi wokupemberera shoma aperture.

Letter «S» rinoreva kuti coefficient pakati Linear wokugumisa diaphragm kunokanganisa Kutsauka ari diaphragm-chinoratidza mhikuriso kuti bhayoneti. Nokuda utsanzi mumakamuri autofocus zvakarurama aperture chipimo iri yekudyidzana ichiwedzerwa. uvandudze ichi hachisi kukosha zvivezwa pamwe Chinyorwa kuzvidzora.

Kugarisana nezvawagara mhando

• All AI-S-lenses inowirirana AI-lenses.
• All AF, AF-I uye AF-S-lenses vari unopindiranawo pamwe bhayoneti AI-S.
• All AI-S-lenses kushanda pamusoro "SLR» Nikon kanenge mu Chinyorwa nzira.
• Most SLR "Nikon", kusanganisira digitaalinen, anogona kushanda ari aperture kukoshesa muoti, kunze dzinoverengeka mudzidzi chechetere mano.

Usati waronga kutenga, verenga User mirayiridzo kamera, iyo nguva dzose pave mashoko nokutsigirwa pakubhadhara chaiwo lenses.

Bhayoneti-mhando P

Ichi chemasanganiswa mureza wakatangwa muna 1988 zvakananga Handheld telephoto lenses kuti Nikon aifanira kuchengetedza nzvimbo kusvikira nguva akadai-refu pfungwa AF-lenses regai wana vakawanda kuparadzira. Panguva iyoyo, yakanakisisa "avtofokusnikami" muenzaniso pamwe parameters vaiva 300 mm f / 2 August.

Nikon gogorosi akasunungura ikakuruma mhando P. Pakati pavo 500mm f / 4 P (1988); 1200-1700 mm f / 5,6-8,0 P ED; 45mm f / 2,8 P.

Lenses vari Chinyorwa mhando P AI-S akawedzera wandei yemagetsi vokukurukura bhayoneti AF. Izvi zvaiita kuti kushandisa chizvaro metering muoti kuti achangobva akaonekwa autofocus Camera.

Bhayoneti-mhando AF

Nikon gogorosi autofocus AF (kunze AF-I uye AF-S) vakafurira mune hasha nokuda vachishandisa kutenderera injini mukamuri iri vakayambuka unokosha mashandiro ari bvisika izvo. Photographers ane mashandiro yakadaro inonzi "sikurudhiraivha". Zvino ino anotarira chinyakare kufananidzwa Canon autofocus ezvinhu, asi namaapuro yakadaro akabvumira shure muna 1980 kuramba zvizere kugarisana pamwe neavtofokusnymi lenses. All mudziyo autofocus (kusanganisira AI-S) kwemasero kunyatsoshanda kuti neavtofokusnyh makamuri. Zvisinei, namano kuti murege anotsigira AI, vachiri zvinoda pakuzadzisa.

Bhayoneti-mhando AF-N

AF-pakunzi N wakatangwa chete kuti kusiyanisa lenses AF okuberekwa dzakatevedzana kubva kuvatsva. Pashure nokubudiswa yokutanga "Nikon» AF-lenses Ndakasarudza kuti kuva yakadaro rokushandisa-ushamwari ano, hapana achakutorerai mifananidzo Chinyorwa nzira. Naizvozvo, vokutanga AF-lenses vakanga vakapakata dzakaonda dzamira Chinyorwa kutaura mhete, iyo kushandiswa zvakanga zvisingatomboiti. Zvisinei, ndakaona kuti Photographers vanosarudza zvakanaka yekare yakafara rubberized pfungwa mhete. Naizvozvo, mainjiniya vakadzokera akavadzoserazve kuna autofocus lenses uye kudana okunatsiridza itsva AF-N. Modern lenses takashongedzerwa pamwe takasununguka kutaura mhete, saka AF-N notation kwavari hakuchisina kushandiswa.

Bhayoneti-mhando AF-D

Lenses vari muchikwata ichi maererano "njere" pamusoro kamera daro panguva yavakanga vari pfungwa. Tichingotarisa, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, chinofanira kubatsira hurongwa chizvaro metering kuona dzokupisa zvakarurama, kunyanya kana uchishandisa nokupenya. Asi tsika, bhayoneti AF-D ane zvakawanda yokutengesa kukosha kupfuura hunobatsira. Uyezve, AF-D kuvapo Zvingatovaita ane kururama kutsunga dzokuteerera kana kupenya uye chizvaro (firimu) vari zvakasiyana kure yacho.

kuisa havukavu ane chokuita nokuvapo kana kusavapo rutsigiro AF-D izvo mugomo. Rinongova zvakawanda lenses itsva, saka ivo ishande nokukurumidza kupfuura zvavo vamutangira. All AF-D-lenses, uyewo AF uye AI-S, basa rakanaka riri neavtofokusnyh makamuri.

Canon gododd

Bhayoneti - hazvisi chete pfungwa "Nikon" kambani. Other makambani yakatangawo kwavo hurongwa kuchinjaniswa izvo pagomo pachake. The husingaperi aikwikwidza - kambani Canon - uyewo inozivikanwa akanyatsofungwa mhando pagomo zvivako. Panguva iyoyo, apo Nikon akasimudzira maitiro AI-S, «Canon» akapa kwazvo izvo pagomo ef.

Canon bhayoneti akazviratidza kekutanga pamusoro EOS kamera 650 muna 1987, apo boka yakatanga nhevedzano autofocus SLR kamera. chaikosha Izvi zvakasiyana nevamwe, kunyanya pamberi magetsi neshamwari, apo izvo zviri kutapukira mashoko zvakanaka. Munguva gododd pagomo iri zvemaziso Iris kuzvidzora, asi AF nemotokari uye dzimwe nzvimbo achasiyiwa. Pave paya, yakafanana shanduro kudzora rinoshandiswa Olympus Four-muzvitatu hurongwa.

Canon gododd-S

Gododd-S Ipfungwa inopa pfupi kureba kubva rwemberi izvo kuti mufananidzo Switch. Hazvina ubatanidzwewo inowirirana gododd mureza sezvo lenses gododd pagomo inogona kushandiswa masero pamwe bhayoneti gododd uye gododd-S.

Bhayoneti E Sony makambani

E-pegomo hachizi kuda "Sony" nokuda pokumuka lenses kuti mirrorless makamera Alpha NEX akatevedzana makamera uye NXCAM. Ichi chiitiko ravakwa ichangopfuura, akatanga muna 2010 uye rakatangwa kokutanga ari Sony α dzinotevedzana mishonga (NEX-3 makamera, -5). A chepfungwa bhayoneti kubatana hurongwa E iri desyatikontaktny-digital inowanikwa.

Bhayoneti pamwe indekisi "E" rinoshandiswa mirrorless kompaktkamerah vakapakata matrices, hunoshamisa mufananidzo unhu pachiyero "SLR". Panguva imwe chete SLR kamera "Sony" A bhayoneti mainjiniya shandisa zvakanaka kuchinjaniswa izvo gadziriro semitransparent magirazi. Hurongwa maviri akasiyana zvikuru ari flange kunze zvimwe kugadzira zvinhu. Izvi kure musimboti wokuzadzika ndege (chizvaro) kusvika kumagumo izvo. In SLR makamera uye izvo vakarongedza rinokamukana mugirazi saka hombe vanoshanda kure inotengwa, anowedzera kwomuviri saizi kuchinjaniswa izvo. For bhayoneti mano E girazi usiri mutemo, saka izvo zviri kupenya zvikuru uye kupfuura tsindirana.

Kugarisana pamwe zvigadzirwa dzimwe vagadziri

Chakashamisa vokuJapan vagadziri havana kutevera pachake nzira kwayo, uye akasarudza nzira pakati kubudirana pachena. Features izvi, sezvo Sony E bhayoneti, kubvumira kuti pave kushandiswa adapters kuti kubatanidza izvo pamwe chero Fixtures ano kubva anotevera makambani:

• pentax;
• olympus;
• nikon;
• leica;
• Hasselblad;
• Exakta;
• Minolta AF;
• Canon ef;
• contarex;
• Contax;
• Rollei;
• Micro 4: 3;
• Threaded T-mugomo, C mhando, M39 × 1, M42 × 1 uye nevamwe.

Muna 2011, boka akavhura imwe zano akadai Sony izvo mugomo, izvo achibvumira yechitatu-party makambani kubudisa lenses dzavo pasi Japanese kamera.

mhedziso

Pakutanga, kuti izvo pagomo haisi pamutemo yakaoma kuvakwa. Zvisinei, kuti chikwata anoita rinokosha mabasa. Kunoitawo kuti kuchinja mhando lenses zvichienderana mabasa anoitwa, uye akangwara design, asi nokukurumidza uye nyore anotsiva optics. Wechipiri unokosha basa - kuchinjwa digitaalinen mashoko mumasero ano achishandisa nemagetsi vokukurukura pamusoro izvo uye bhayoneti kuti anobvumira izvo uye kamera kuti nemasiraidhi akapendwa kuti kufadza unhu mapikicha kana mavhidhiyo.